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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
refers to normal blood clotting in response to injury - A process that controls bleeding at the site of injury. - Blood loss is stopped by formation of blood clots that seal the breaks in blood vessels - Process involve small cell fragments known as platelets and a dozen of soluble clotting factors.	Hemostasis
Hemostasis stages	Stage 1—formation of platelet plug Stage 2—coagulation (2 pathways) (intrinsic&extrinsic) Stage 3 -- Termination of clot formation (Keeping hemostasis under control) Stage 4 -- Dissolution of blood clots (Physiologic removal of clots)
a clot that adheres to a vessel wall It is the most common cause of blocked arteries in heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary embolism. far more people die from unwanted blood clotting than clotting failure.	Thrombosis
When a blood clot becomes dislodged from the vessel wall and travels through the bloodstream	Embolus
consist of platelet-rich clot	Arterial thrombosis
fibrin-rich clot	Venous thrombosis
There are two major facets of the clotting mechanism	the platelets, and the thrombin system
Are inactive precursors of enzymes	Clotting Factors (ZYMOGENS)
Clotting Factors (ZYMOGENS) are activated upon	1 Blood Vessel Damage (Intrinsic Pathway -> activates Clotting Factors XII, XI, IX, X ) 2 Tissue Damage (Extrinsic Pathway -> activates CF VII )
1 Intrinsic Pathway activates: 2 Extrinsic Pathway activates:	1 Clotting Factors XII, XI, IX, X 2 Clotting Factor VII
Both Ex and In Pathways converge to form common pathway in __	Factor Xa
Factor Xa activates __ that cleaves soluble __ to generate insoluble __ which is the final product of blood coagulation cascade	1 thrombin 2 fibrinogen 3 FIBRIN
Series of events vital for hemostasis or the maintenance of fluid blood flow within the vasculature A complex reaction where one clotting factor activates the next in the multistep pathway.	coagulation cascade
MECHANISM OF PLATELET AGGREGATION	Aggregation involves platelet-to-platelet adhesion, and is necessary for effective hemostasis following the initial adhesion of platelets to the site of injury. Following adhesion, platelets are activated by a number of agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen present at the sites of vascular injury.
Drugs that help prevent the clotting (coagulation) of blood help prevent the development of harmful clots in the blood vessels by lessening the blood's ability to cluster together Its function is often misunderstood because they are sometimes referred to as blood thinners; they do not in fact thin the blood It will not dissolve clots that already have formed, but it will stop an existing clot from becoming worse and prevent future clots	Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners)
will occur instantaneously once a blood vessel has been hurt. Blood begins to solidify to prevent excessive blood loss and to prevent invasive substances from entering the bloodstrea	Coagulation
• is among a number of mechanisms designed to control the extent of clot formation. • It binds to thrombin, as well as several other clotting factors, and inhibits their function.	Antithrombin
the 2 classes of antithrombotic drugs.	Anticoagulants and antiplatelets