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level: DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DRUGS

Question	Answer
Antianemia Drugs	1. Erythropoietin (Epoetin alpha) 2. Ferrous Sulfate 3. Iron Dextran 4. Deferoxamine 5. Folic Acid 6. Vitamin B12
treatment of anemia in: i. chronic renal failure patients ii. zidovudine-treated HIV-infected patients iii. cancer patients on chemotherapy iv. reduction of allogeneic blood transfusion in surgery patients. given i.v. or s.c. Half life of 4-13 hrs in patients with chronic renal failure. Side Effects: a rapid increase in hematocrit & hemoglobin may cause hypertension & thrombotic complications.	Erythropoietin (Epoetin alpha)
Erythropoietin deficiency results in a __	normocytic anemia
Treatment for : Iron deficiency anemia, blood loss related to pregnancy or GI bleeding (NSAIDs), hookworm infestation, or excess coffee NOT FOR Patients with hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis or hemolytic anemia S/E: Nausea, Upper Abd pain, Diarrhea; Iron overdose (1-2 g) can lead to circulatory collapse and death.	Ferrous Sulfate
Iron overdose can be treated by __	gastric lavage with a phosphate solution and deferoxamine (iron chelator).
a hereditary disease in which there is increased accumulation of iron	Primary hemochromatosis
Seldom used now (newer orally effective agents including iron sucrose & ferric gluconate complex are most commonly used). Reserved for patients with iron deficiency who: 1 unable to tolerate oral iron 2 cannot absorb oral iron S/E: More dose-dependent side effects, Local pain & tissue staining, rarely anaphylaxis & death	Iron Dextran
are two alternative parenteral forms of iron that can be given i.v., but should NOT be given intramuscularly.	Ferric gluconate & iron sucrose
Binds iron avidly, but poorly binds other essential trace metals Treatment for: 1 Iron poisoning 2 w/ hemodialysis; useful in treatment of aluminum toxicity in renal failure. NOT FOR Patients with severe renal disease or anuria S/E: Rapid i.v. administration may cause hypotension, Idiosyncratic responses such as flushing, rash, abdominal discomfort	Deferoxamine
Essential cofactor for synthesis of amino acids, purines and DNA Treatment for: 1 megaloblastic anemias NOT given alone in patients with pernicious anemia 1 mg of folic acid orally daily S/E: Allergic Sensitization	Folic Acid
given to replenish endogenous folic acid in patients on methotrexate	citrovorum factor (or leucovorin)
1 Folate deficiency (in pregnant women) is implicated as a cause of __ in newborns 2 Folic acid deficiency is also known as	1 congenital malformations 2 Will's disease.
A cofactor for several essential biochemical reactions Treatment for: 1 prevent deficiency of Vit B12. 2 Pernicious anemia 3 Fish tapeworm infection 4 Partial or total gastrectomy 5 Various intestinal disorders that impair absorption of Vit B12.	Vitamin B12
Vit B12 deficiency leads to __	megaloblastic anemia, GI symptoms & neurological abnormalities