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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery, radiation, movement, or other modes Also called drug therapy, is a general term for using medication to treat disease.	Pharmacotherapy
was defined as a distinct service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients. It encompasses a broad range of professional activities and responsibilities within the scope of practice of the licensed pharmacist or other qualified health care providers. Pharmaceutical care would start with this	Medication therapy management (MTM)
“ A practice in which a practitioner takes responsibility for a patient’s drug related needs and holds him or herself accountable for meeting these needs.”	Linda Strand 1997
means the RPh as healthcare member	Practitioner
collaborate activities & services w/ other healthcare team in designing, implementing & monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific outcomes for the patient.	RPh
It uses a process through which a pharmacist cooperates with a patient and other health care professionals in designing, implementing, and monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic outcomes for the patient.	Pharmaceutical care
Pharmaceutical care process involves three major functions:	1. Identifying potential and actual drug-related problems. 2. Resolving actual drug-related problems. 3. Preventing potential drug-related problems.
Essential Components of Pharmaceutical Care	1 Pharmacist-patient relationship 2 Pharmacist’s workup of drug therapy (PWDT)
1 a collaborative effort between pharmacist & patient Empathy Caring 2 Provision of pharmaceutical care is centered around this, although the methods used for this purpose may vary.	1 Pharmacist-patient relationship 2 Pharmacist’s workup of drug therapy (PWDT)
Components of PWDT (Pharmacist’s workup of drug therapy )	I. Data collection II. Develop or identify the CORE pharmacotherapy plan III. Identify PRIME Pharmacotherapy Problems
Documentation of pharmaceutical care it describe or document the interventions needed or provided by pharmacist	Formulate a FARM progress note or SOAP progress note F- FINDINGS A- ASSESSMENT R- RESOLUTION M- MONITORING - a pharmacist equivalent of a physician’s progress note S- SUBJECTIVE FINDINGS O- OBJECTIVE FINDINGS A- ASSESSMENT P- PLAN - Traditional documentation primarily by physicians.
Seven types of medication-related problems have been identified.	1. Unnecessary drug therapy 2. Needs additional drug therapy 3. Ineffective drug 4. Dosage too low 5. Adverse drug reaction 6. Dosage too high 7. Noncompliance
Human Error (Mistakes, Slips, Lapses)	1 limited memory capacity 2 limited mental processing capacity 3 negative effects of fatigue other stressors 1 Generalized lack of awareness that causes errors 2 Patients suffer adverse events much more often than previously realised 3 Errors often NOT immediately observed