| Jacobs research on capacity of stm | - jacobs said there is a limit to what can be stored in stm
- 5 to 9 pieces of info
- chunking information can make it easier to remember
- digits are easier to remember than words |
| short term memory | - temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
- duration is limited, around 20 seconds (research by peterson and peterson)
- coding is acoustin (Baddely)
- capacity : limited 7+/- 2 chunks of information (miller) |
| Miller (1956) research into STM | STM has limited capacity of 7+/-2 chunks of info. EVAL POINT Miller’s research did not take age into account when considering what could affect STM. Also we don't know how big of a chunk of info we can store in STM |
| Peterson & Peterson (1959) research into duration of stm | STM has a limited duration of 20 seconds. EVAL POINT ppts were psychology students who may have demonstrated demand characteristics. Low ecological validity, as the experiment does not reflect real situations. Highly controlled. |
| Baddely (1966) into coding of STM | found that STM (direct recall) : acoustically similar. LTM (20 mins later) : semantically similar. EVAL POINT Good sample size. Controlled experiment. Low ecological validity. |
| LTM | capacity : unlimited
duration : lifetime (bahrick)
coding : semantic (baddley) |
| explicit memory | those we consciously try to remember and recall
eg episodic and semantic memory |
| implicit memory | memories that arent part of our consciousness. memories formed from behaviour
eg procedural memory |
| procedural memory | stores information on how we do things, like riding a bicycle. no conscious recall |
| semantic memory | knowledge is stored in semantic memory |
| episodic memory | events we have personally experienced |
| SUPPORT for MSM | HM suffered from epilepsy. He damages his hippocampus, he had amnesia. Procedural memory was still intact but he couldnt form new episodic or semantic memories. His STM and LTM weren't connected. This supports MSM's theory that the STM and LTM are located in different places. |
| LIMITATION of MSM | - machine reductionism
- |
| Peterson and Peterson | - 24 psych students participated
- participants had to try and recall three letter consants after different intervals
- ppts would recall fewer trigrams as time gap increased
- STM has limited 20s duration when we cant rehearse information |
| Bahrick et Al | - tested long term memory of nearly 400 ppts
- tested at different years after graduation
- name recognition maintained the highest accuracy |
| cause of forgetting in stm | decay |
| Jacobs research on capacity of stm | - jacobs said there is a limit to what can be stored in stm
- 5 to 9 pieces of info
- chunking information can make it easier to remember
- digits are easier to remember than words |
| Baddeley research into STM and LTM coding | - ppts were given four sets of words
- stm is acoustically coded
- ltm is semantically coded |
