| Schaffer and Emerson aim | to find the age at which attachment starts and how intense these were |
| method of Schaffer and Emerson | - studied 60 babies from working class area
- observing them every four weeks for a year and again at 18 months
- as well as observations, interviews were conducted with the mothers
- variables measured : seperation anxiety, stranger anxiety |
| stages of attachment suggested by Schaffer and Emerson | 1. Asocial (0-6 weeks) baby responds to inanimate objects and people the same way
2. indiscriminate attachment (2-7 months) babies dont show preference for individuals
3. specific attachment (7-12 months) babies show preference for one individual, separation and stranger anxiety present
4. multiple attachment (12 month onwards) babies will form attachments with multiple people, by 18 months baby can have as many as 5 attachment figures |
| evaluation of schaffer and emerson | - high ecological validity
- social desirability bias from mother as they are reporting themselves |
