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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
By itselfPer se
That isId est
By that very fact itselfIpso facto
A lawyer who is qualified to plead on behalf of clientsBarrister
In the UK, a training course which enables people who wish to become barristers and who have registered with the Inns of Court to acquire the skills and knowledge to prepare them for the specialised training of the pupillageBar Vocational Course
A ceremony held at the end of this training course, when a candidate enters the professionCall to the Bar
Organisation regulating the legal professionBar association
in the USA, an important test taken by law-school graduates which. when passed, qualifies a person to practise lawBar examination
Granted entrance to the legal professionAdmitted to the Bar
To compel a lawyer to stop practising law due to an offence committedTo disbar
Civil wrongTort
Formal proposal for legislationBill
Order from a central authority e.g. The European communityDirective
Municipal law (US)Ordinance
Written law for contracts (UK)Ordinance
Municipal law (UK)Bylaw
Written rules for contracts (US)Bylaw
Demand for money, property or enforcement of a rightClaim
Official proclamation by a court and results from a petition or a motionOrder
A formal written request which may initiate a court casePetition
A general term for any formal request during a court caseMotion
Court decision on a case and results from a complaintRuling
Court caseProceeding
A lawyer that mainly works in an office drafting documents and giving legal adviceSolicitor
A lawyer who can appear in higher courts (Scottish Barrister)Advocate (Scotland)
A general term for a lawyerAttorney
To draw up a documentTo draft
A written statement someone makes after they have sworn to tell the truthAffidavit
An official order by a court that tells someone to stop doing sthInjunction
A person appointed by a company to examine the company's accounts and report the shareholders annually on those accountsAuditor
A person appointed by a company, a court or the company's creditor to wind up the company's affairsLiquidator
A person engaged in developing or taking the initiative to form a companyPromoter
Doctors are also known as:Physicians
A doctor who replaces another doctor who is ill or in holidayLocum
An informal way of saying "unwell"Off colour / under the weather
Inflation is a sign of an ___ economy (not good)ailing
UnenthusiasticJaundiced
allergy to pollen and springHay fever
Imaginary partyReasonable prudent person
In contract remedies, the term for compensation agreed upon by the parties and set forth in the contract that must be paid by one or the other in the event that the contract is breachedLiquidated damages
Compensation determined by the amount of benefit unjustly received by the breaching partyRestitution damages
Compensation for losses which are as a result of special facts and circumstances related to a particular transaction which were forseeable by the breaching party at the time of the contractConsequential damages
Compensation which seeks to put the non-breaching party in the position he would have been had the contract been performedExpectation damages
Compensation for a loss that is the natural and logical result of the breach of contract.Actual damages
A contract clause setting out which party is responsible for the payment of costs related to preparation of the agreement and ancillary documentsPayment of costs
A clause expressing the cause, motive, price or impelling motive which induces one party to enter the agreementConsideration clause
A clause referring to the amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of compensation a non-breaching party should receive if the other party breaches a part of the contractLiquidated damages
A clause prohibiting or permitting assigment under certain conditionsAssignment clause
A clause providing that in the event that one or more provisions of the agreement are declared unenforceable, the balance of the agreement remains in forceSeverability clause
Defences to contract formationLack of legal capacity / duress / fraud / illegality of subject matter
To bring on damagesTo incur damages
To agree on damagesTo stipulate damages
To determine damagesTo ascertain damages
To get back damagesTo recover damages
To expect damagesTo anticipate damages
When your skin is yellow because of a liver problemTo be jaundiced
The likely course of a medical condition. I.e. how it´s likely to developPrognosis
A doctrine of contract law that says contracts are only binding on the parties to a contract and that no third party can enforce the contract or be sued under it.Privity of contract
An exception to the privity of contract principle where the original contract provides for rights to be conferred on a third party.Beneficiary contract
A contract clause stating that the written terms of an agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreement because all such agreements have been consolidated into the written documentEntire agreement clause
A contract clause designed to protect against failures to perform contractual obligations caused by unavoidable events beyond the parties' control such as natural disasters or warsForce majeure
A contract clause outlining when and under which circumstances a contract may be terminatedTermination clause
A contract clause concerning the treating of information as private and not for distribution beyond specifically identified individuals or organizations nor used other than for specifically identified purposesConfidentiality clause
Clause in a contract requiring the obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner than as agreed upon the occurrence of some event or circumstance stated in the contract. Usually failure to make paymentAcceleration clause
The place where a group of specially chosen people examine legal problems of a particular type such as employment disputesTribunal
A company's chief administrative officerSecretary
The number of stock units (shares) that a company can issue as stated in its memorandum of association or its articles of incorporation.Authorized share capital
A person appointed by a shareholder to attend and vote at a meeting in his place when the shareholder is unable to attendProxy
A company director responsible for the day-to-day operation of the companyManaging director
A person elected by the shareholders to manage the company and decide its general policyDirector
A person who sues in a civil lawsuitClaimant
A person who is sued in a civil lawsuitDefendant
To bring into effect a lawTo enact
To remove a lawTo repeal a law
To establish a decision in a court case which must be taken into account in future decisionsTo set precedent
A formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the defence in a casePleading
Someone who is a member of a company because they acquired shares in the companyShareholder
If something is ___ it is interpreted in a particular way because sb or sth implies itInferred
To perform one´s duties according to the obligations of the contractTo render performance
Transfer of contractual rights and / or duties from one party to a new partyAssignation / assignment
A person appointed by creditors to oversee the repayment of debtsReceiver
Compensation necessary to reimburse the non-breaching party for efforts expended and expenses incurred in the reasonable belief that the contract will be performedReliance damages
aka executor - The person assigned in a will (or testament) to handle the affairs of a person who has diedPersonal representative
A person assigned by a court to oversee the finalcial or personal affairs of a person who has become incapacitatedConservator
If you ___ making a decision, you avoid making it until a later timeDefer
If a contract ___ to confer a right, it claims or attemps to do so, but it does not necessarily confer the rightPurports
Interpretation of a contract. Resolves potential ambiguityConstruction
A parallel contractCollateral