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Index
»
Lengua especializada second term
»
Chapter 1
»
Level 1
level: Level 1
Questions and Answers List
level questions: Level 1
Question
Answer
By itself
Per se
That is
Id est
By that very fact itself
Ipso facto
A lawyer who is qualified to plead on behalf of clients
Barrister
In the UK, a training course which enables people who wish to become barristers and who have registered with the Inns of Court to acquire the skills and knowledge to prepare them for the specialised training of the pupillage
Bar Vocational Course
A ceremony held at the end of this training course, when a candidate enters the profession
Call to the Bar
Organisation regulating the legal profession
Bar association
in the USA, an important test taken by law-school graduates which. when passed, qualifies a person to practise law
Bar examination
Granted entrance to the legal profession
Admitted to the Bar
To compel a lawyer to stop practising law due to an offence committed
To disbar
Civil wrong
Tort
Formal proposal for legislation
Bill
Order from a central authority e.g. The European community
Directive
Municipal law (US)
Ordinance
Written law for contracts (UK)
Ordinance
Municipal law (UK)
Bylaw
Written rules for contracts (US)
Bylaw
Demand for money, property or enforcement of a right
Claim
Official proclamation by a court and results from a petition or a motion
Order
A formal written request which may initiate a court case
Petition
A general term for any formal request during a court case
Motion
Court decision on a case and results from a complaint
Ruling
Court case
Proceeding
A lawyer that mainly works in an office drafting documents and giving legal advice
Solicitor
A lawyer who can appear in higher courts (Scottish Barrister)
Advocate (Scotland)
A general term for a lawyer
Attorney
To draw up a document
To draft
A written statement someone makes after they have sworn to tell the truth
Affidavit
An official order by a court that tells someone to stop doing sth
Injunction
A person appointed by a company to examine the company's accounts and report the shareholders annually on those accounts
Auditor
A person appointed by a company, a court or the company's creditor to wind up the company's affairs
Liquidator
A person engaged in developing or taking the initiative to form a company
Promoter
Doctors are also known as:
Physicians
A doctor who replaces another doctor who is ill or in holiday
Locum
An informal way of saying "unwell"
Off colour / under the weather
Inflation is a sign of an ___ economy (not good)
ailing
Unenthusiastic
Jaundiced
allergy to pollen and spring
Hay fever
Imaginary party
Reasonable prudent person
In contract remedies, the term for compensation agreed upon by the parties and set forth in the contract that must be paid by one or the other in the event that the contract is breached
Liquidated damages
Compensation determined by the amount of benefit unjustly received by the breaching party
Restitution damages
Compensation for losses which are as a result of special facts and circumstances related to a particular transaction which were forseeable by the breaching party at the time of the contract
Consequential damages
Compensation which seeks to put the non-breaching party in the position he would have been had the contract been performed
Expectation damages
Compensation for a loss that is the natural and logical result of the breach of contract.
Actual damages
A contract clause setting out which party is responsible for the payment of costs related to preparation of the agreement and ancillary documents
Payment of costs
A clause expressing the cause, motive, price or impelling motive which induces one party to enter the agreement
Consideration clause
A clause referring to the amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of compensation a non-breaching party should receive if the other party breaches a part of the contract
Liquidated damages
A clause prohibiting or permitting assigment under certain conditions
Assignment clause
A clause providing that in the event that one or more provisions of the agreement are declared unenforceable, the balance of the agreement remains in force
Severability clause
Defences to contract formation
Lack of legal capacity / duress / fraud / illegality of subject matter
To bring on damages
To incur damages
To agree on damages
To stipulate damages
To determine damages
To ascertain damages
To get back damages
To recover damages
To expect damages
To anticipate damages
When your skin is yellow because of a liver problem
To be jaundiced
The likely course of a medical condition. I.e. how it´s likely to develop
Prognosis
A doctrine of contract law that says contracts are only binding on the parties to a contract and that no third party can enforce the contract or be sued under it.
Privity of contract
An exception to the privity of contract principle where the original contract provides for rights to be conferred on a third party.
Beneficiary contract
A contract clause stating that the written terms of an agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreement because all such agreements have been consolidated into the written document
Entire agreement clause
A contract clause designed to protect against failures to perform contractual obligations caused by unavoidable events beyond the parties' control such as natural disasters or wars
Force majeure
A contract clause outlining when and under which circumstances a contract may be terminated
Termination clause
A contract clause concerning the treating of information as private and not for distribution beyond specifically identified individuals or organizations nor used other than for specifically identified purposes
Confidentiality clause
Clause in a contract requiring the obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner than as agreed upon the occurrence of some event or circumstance stated in the contract. Usually failure to make payment
Acceleration clause
The place where a group of specially chosen people examine legal problems of a particular type such as employment disputes
Tribunal
A company's chief administrative officer
Secretary
The number of stock units (shares) that a company can issue as stated in its memorandum of association or its articles of incorporation.
Authorized share capital
A person appointed by a shareholder to attend and vote at a meeting in his place when the shareholder is unable to attend
Proxy
A company director responsible for the day-to-day operation of the company
Managing director
A person elected by the shareholders to manage the company and decide its general policy
Director
A person who sues in a civil lawsuit
Claimant
A person who is sued in a civil lawsuit
Defendant
To bring into effect a law
To enact
To remove a law
To repeal a law
To establish a decision in a court case which must be taken into account in future decisions
To set precedent
A formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the defence in a case
Pleading
Someone who is a member of a company because they acquired shares in the company
Shareholder
If something is ___ it is interpreted in a particular way because sb or sth implies it
Inferred
To perform one´s duties according to the obligations of the contract
To render performance
Transfer of contractual rights and / or duties from one party to a new party
Assignation / assignment
A person appointed by creditors to oversee the repayment of debts
Receiver
Compensation necessary to reimburse the non-breaching party for efforts expended and expenses incurred in the reasonable belief that the contract will be performed
Reliance damages
aka executor - The person assigned in a will (or testament) to handle the affairs of a person who has died
Personal representative
A person assigned by a court to oversee the finalcial or personal affairs of a person who has become incapacitated
Conservator
If you ___ making a decision, you avoid making it until a later time
Defer
If a contract ___ to confer a right, it claims or attemps to do so, but it does not necessarily confer the right
Purports
Interpretation of a contract. Resolves potential ambiguity
Construction
A parallel contract
Collateral