| can be harmful, dangerous, or unfavorable | Adverse |
| a different option | alternate |
| break down naturally into substances that do not harm the environment | biodegradable |
| inside a package | boxed |
| stops you from breathing | choke |
| to do something easily | convenient |
| to throw it away | discard |
| a large sea mammal that breathes air | dolphin |
| something is done in a way that concerns living organisms and the environment | ecologically |
| results in someone’s death | fatal |
| the number of times something happens | incidence |
| something belongs to a city or local government | municipal |
| when something is utilized too many times | overuse |
| a freshwater body that is smaller than a lake | pond |
| to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again | recycle |
| can be utilized over and over again | reusable |
| pushed into a small space | stuffed |
| causes sadness because it might involve death or suffering | tragic |
| to use it for a specific purpose | utilize |
| a very large mammal that lives in the ocean | whale |
| amateur | a person who does something for fun and isn’t paid for it |
| ambiguous | not entirely clear |
| anonymous | no one knows who he or she is |
| attain | to succeed at something |
| autonomy | freedom or independence |
| concession | something that one person gives up to another |
| decay | the result of something slowly being broken down or destroyed naturally |
| dwell | to live there |
| enlighten | to teach them about something |
| enrich | to make someone rich or increase their wealth |
| flourish | to do very well |
| geometry | the study of shapes and how to measure them |
| gleam | to sparkle and shine |
| greed | wanting to have more of something than you need or should have |
| harmony | a feeling that everything is peaceful, balanced, and in agreement |
| indigenous | something or someone exists naturally in an environment or area |
| jurisdiction | the power or right to make judgments about the law and how it is upheld |
| parade | a series of things or people that come or are shown one after another |
| statue | a three-dimensional work of art, usually made of clay, marble, or metal |
| virgin | someone who has never had sex |
| abnormal | different from normal or average |
| absent | missing or not in the place they are expected to be |
| adjacent | next to or adjoining something else. |
| aluminum | a chemical element that is a light silver-coloured metal |
| applicable | relevant to them |
| artificial | made or produced to copy something natural; not real |
| bicycle | a two-wheeled vehicle powered by pedaling |
| broker | to arrange or negotiate the details of something for others |
| bureaucracy | a group of people who work together to help manage a large business or run a country |
| configure | to set it up and arrange it |
| consolidate | to join or bring together into one thing |
| convenience | to do something easily |
| deduct | to subtract something |
| deem | to consider something |
| entrepreneur | someone who starts a new business or organization in order to make money |
| evenly | divided equally into amounts, numbers, or values |
| fiscal | related to money or finances, especially that of a government or business |
| franchise | the right to sell another company’s products or services in a particular area |
| ideological | based on a system of beliefs or ideals |
| robot | a machine that can do the work of a person |
| abbey | a house, or group of houses, where monks or nuns live |
| abundant | it is available in large quantities |
| adjoin | be next to or attached to something else |
| ample | Plenty of or large: it is enough or more than enough |
| arid | it is hot and dry and gets very little or no rain |
| cathedral | an important, and often large and beautifully-built, church |
| crisis | a difficult time when things are going to either get worse or better |
| deprive | to not let them have it |
| drought | a long period of time in which little or no rain falls |
| eligible | permitted to do or have something |
| fast | to go without food or drink for a period of time. |
| grumble | to complain |
| inland | into the center of a country or land |
| moisture | small drops of water in the air or on a surface |
| nonetheless | occurs despite some other thing. |
| oath | a formal, often public, promise |
| prairie | a flat, wide area of land in North America and Canada, without many trees and originally covered with grass |
| rugged | rocky and difficult to travel through |
| scarce | a very small amount of it |
| speculate | to guess about something |
| aquatic | lives or grows in water |
| biosphere | the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth where living organisms exist |
| bizarre | very strange |
| Celsius | a scale for measuring temperature. |
| coarse | a rough texture. |
| companion | someone spends a lot of time with. |
| digest | swallow food and pass it through the body. |
| duration | time during which it happens. |
| ecology | the study of the environment and living things |
| feat | an impressive or difficult achievement or action |
| infinite | no limit or end |
| nucleus | the central part of an atom or cell |
| parasite | a tiny animal or plant that attaches to another animal to get food |
| prominent | important and well known |
| repetitive | repeated many times and becomes boring |
| reproductive | a living thing which can produce young |
| temperate | never gets too hot or cold |
| tolerance | the ability to accept something unfavorable |
| undergo | experience something, especially a change or something unpleasant |
| vulnerable | weak and without protection |
| very old or outdated | archaic |
| used to make musical instruments and ornaments | brass |
| economic system where private companies make goods for profit | capitalism |
| part of a larger machine | component |
| somebody relies on something else | dependence |
| reduce or get smaller | diminish |
| a disadvantage | drawback |
| interrupt or force your ideas on other people | impose |
| a kind of business that produces services or things for sale | industry |
| something related to a manager or management | managerial |
| the period between 650 and 1500 CE | medieval |
| not used anymore because something better exists | obsolete |
| faced in that direction. | oriented |
| a large piece of land that is surrounded by the sea on three sides | peninsula |
| people admire or respect them | prestige |
| an amount that shows the link between the parts and the whole | proportion |
| very new or different | radical |
| to prove that something is wrong | refute |
| very impressive | spectacular |
| to make cloth using horizontal and vertical threads | weave |
| a person whose job is to keep financial accounts for a business | accountant |
| a business person who invests in trade and industry for profit | capitalist |
| the feeling of having no respect for something | contempt |
| something produced by the land | crop |
| to put a lot of time and effort into it | dedicate |
| a narrow hole cut into the ground by a road or a field | ditch |
| a company or business | enterprise |
| to provide money for them | finance |
| a lack of interest in it | indifferent |
| to supply water to land | irrigate |
| to make it as great as possible in amount, size, or importance | maximize |
| relates to money | monetary |
| stop something bad from happening | precaution |
| happens before a more important event | preliminary |
| completely soak it with a liquid | saturate |
| easy to do or understand | simplicity |
| to plant them in the ground | sow |
| a tool used for digging | spade |
| a round red fruit, but usually eaten as a vegetable | tomato |
| will happen in the near future | upcoming |
| the study of people, society, and culture | anthropology |
| to clap in order to show approval | applaud |
| to give the job to them | appoint |
| (of machines, especially computers, or software) able to be used together | compatible |
| the ability to do something well or effectively | competence |
| to discuss something with them to make a decision | confer |
| happen one after another without interruption | consecutive |
| not exact or detailed but can still be useful | crude |
| a solid object with six square surfaces that are all the same size | cube |
| comments to a person about how they are doing something | feedback |
| lack of knowledge about it | ignorance |
| a quality or thing related to men | masculine |
| a structure that is built to remind people of a person or event | monument |
| very fit and strong | muscular |
| the manner in which they stand or sit | posture |
| to place or build it in a certain place | situate |
| to make sure that it is done correctly | supervise |
| the state of having two halves that are exactly the same | symmetry |
| design that is drawn permanently on the skin with needles | tattoo |
| student at a college who is studying for a bachelor’s degree | undergraduate |
| to provide them with all the things they need or want | cater |
| pay attention to the needs of others | considerate |
| act of eating or drinking it | consumption |
| a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made | criteria |
| tough outer part of a loaf of bread | crust |
| to give them the right to have or do something | entitle |
| safely accompany them to a place | escort |
| connected to an outer part | external |
| a building that exists for a particular purpose | facility |
| a mental or physical ability | faculty |
| a large pile of them | heap |
| one half of the Earth | hemisphere |
| a type of dog that is often used for racing or hunting | hound |
| not friendly and makes people feel unimportant | impersonal |
| to pass your tongue over it | lick |
| attractive object that people display in their homes | ornament |
| a person who is walking on a street | pedestrian |
| a place where people in danger can go to be safe | sanctuary |
| someone who watches something, for example, a sports event | spectator |
| to shout at them | yell |
| a thing that is added to another thing to make it look better | accessory |
| something that a person buys or gets in some way | acquisition |
| a material made out of stiff paper | cardboard |
| a difficult situation in which a choice has to be made. | dilemma |
| contains a lot of details | elaborate |
| correct in every detail | exact |
| to make it easier | facilitate |
| a group of ships | fleet |
| a pattern of squares with numbers and letters to find places on a map | grid |
| to bring in a product from another country | import |
| to reach an opinion or decide that something is true on the basis of information that is available | infer |
| to fill it up with air | inflate |
| something that one is born with and was not learned | innate |
| a type of rock that feels cold and is smooth when cut | marble |
| a long pole on a ship that holds the sail | mast |
| the feeling of being sick to your stomach | nausea |
| a country’s navy or military ships | naval |
| a small, flexible bag that is usually made of soft material | pouch |
| completely wet | saturated |
