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level: Level 1 of Incompatibilities

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Incompatibilities

Question	Answer
Liberation of active ingredients Ex. nitroglycerin	5. Vaporization/ Volatilization
Liberation of active ingredients Ex. nitroglycerin	5. Vaporization/ Volatilization
Liberation of active ingredients Ex. nitroglycerin	5. Vaporization/ Volatilization
It is the RESULT OF PRESCRIBING OR MIXING TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES which are ANTAGONIST IN NATURE and an UNDESIRABLE PRODUCT IS FORMED which may affect the safety, purpose or appearance of the preparation. Problems which could ARISE DURING COMPOUNDING DISPENSING of a prescription Arises DURING, BEFORE or AFTER drug administration are usually UNINTENTIONAL It may OCCUR IN VITRO between drugs & other components during preparation, storage or administration .	Incompatibilities
Incompatibility may be:	Physical Chemical Therapeutic
A VISIBLE/RECOGNIZABLE PHYSICAL CHANGE takes place An UNACCEPTABLE, NON-UNIFORM, UNPALATABLE PRODUCT IS FORMED. Result of INSOLUBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY, PRECIPITATION, LIQUEFACTION Can be CORRECTED BY APPLYING PHARMACEUTICAL SKILL	Physical Incompatibility
Correction (Physical incompatibilities )	1 Order of mixing 2 Alteration of solvents 3 Change in the form of ingredients 4 Alteration of volume 5 Emulsification and addition of suspending agent, 6 Addition, substitution or omission of therapeutically inactive substances . OCAAE
It is the RESULT of the MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE IMMISCIBLE LIQUID or an IMMISCIBLE SOLID w A LIQUID. Acceptable liquid product can be obtained by emulsification or solubilization. Rx Olive oil 30ml Water up to 120ml make an emulsion use a suitable emulsifying agent	1. Immiscibility
LIQUID PREPARATION with INDIFFUSIBLE SOLIDS (e.g. Sulphamethoxasole, phenacetin, Zinc oxide, calamine etc.) a suspending agent is required to uniform distribution of the solids in the liquid phase for sufficiently long time so as to facilitate accurate measurement of dose.	2. Insolubility
A SOLUBILISED SUBSTANCE may __ from it solution if a NON SOLVENT for the SUBSTANCE is ADDED to the solution. 1 Alcoholic solution of Resins + water = precipitated Resins 2 Gum + water + talc = gum ppt 3 Aqueous dispersion of Hydrophillic colloids (polysaccharide mucilage + high conc. of Alcohol or salts = Precipitated colloids. But significant amount are tolerated if well diluted and added in small amount with vigorous stirring	3. Precipitation
Certain LOW MELTING POINT SOLIDS sometimes LIQUEFY when mixed together DUE to FORMATION OF EUTECTIC MIXTURE or LIBERATION OF WATER. e.g, if any 2 of the following medicaments are combined together, they form a eutectic mixture: Menthol, Thymol, Camphor, Phenol, Salol, Naphthol and chloral hydrate. Sodium salicylate Phenazone.	Liquefaction of Solid Ingredient a. Eutextia:
Correction: (Liquefaction of Solid Ingredient)	1 The eutectic forming ingredient may either be dispensed separately 2 These may be mixed separately with enough quantity of adsorbent powder like magnesium carbonate or Kaolin to form free flowing product. 3 Alternately, if liquefaction has already occurred, the liquid may be adsorbed on a surface of sufficient quantity of powder , filled into capsule and dispensed
1 absorbs moisture and dissolves/ liquifies (NaCl) 2 release of water of crystallization (citric acid, atropine sulfate, Ferrous sulfate, alum) 3 absorbs moisture but does not dissolve ( silica gel)	1 Deliquescence 2 Efflorescence 3 Hygroscopy
Liberation of active ingredients Ex. nitroglycerin	5. Vaporization/ Volatilization
Existence of one or more crystalline and/or amorphous forms Ex. Aspirin, theobroma cacao, Chloramphenicol, sulfanilamide	6. Polymorphism
Liquid dosage forms Emulsion ( phase inversion in o/w emulsion)	7. Loss of water