| One of the three main ways to change the energy of a system, involving the transfer of energy through work done by forces. | Work Done by Forces |
| What is one way to change the energy of a system, and how is it accomplished? | Work done by forces is one way to change the energy of a system, and it involves the transfer of energy through forces, such as pushing a box across the floor. |
| An example illustrating the transfer of energy through work done by forces, like pushing a box across the floor. | Work Done by Forces Example: Pushing a Box |
| Provide an example of changing energy through work done by forces. | Pushing a box across the floor transfers energy from the chemical energy store in your arms to the kinetic and thermal energy stores of the box and surroundings. |
| The second way to change the energy of a system, involving the transfer of energy in electrical equipment. | Electrical Equipment |
| What is the second way to change the energy of a system, and what is involved in this process? | The second way is through electrical equipment, where energy is transferred from chemical energy stores (e.g., battery) to kinetic and thermal energy stores (e.g., electric scooter and surroundings). |
| An example demonstrating the transfer of energy in electrical equipment, such as starting an electric scooter. | Electrical Equipment Example: Starting an Electric Scooter |
| Provide an example of changing energy in electrical equipment. | Starting an electric scooter transfers energy from the battery's chemical energy store to the kinetic and thermal energy stores of the scooter and surroundings. |
| The third way to change the energy of a system, involving the transfer of energy through heating. | Heating |
| What is the third way to change the energy of a system, and how is it achieved? | Heating is the third way, where energy is transferred from a chemical energy store (e.g., gas) to the thermal energy store of the system (e.g., boiling water, pan, and surroundings). |
| An example illustrating the transfer of energy through heating, such as boiling water on a gas hob. | Heating Example: Boiling Water on a Gas Hob |
| Provide an example of changing energy through heating. | Boiling a pan of water on a gas hob transfers energy from the gas's chemical energy store to the thermal energy store of the water, pan, and surroundings. |
| Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance. | Definition of Work done |
| When is work done on an object, and what is the condition for work to occur? | Work is done on an object when a force moves it through a distance. |
| The object must move in the same direction as the force for work to be done. | Direction of Force and Object Movement |
| What condition must be met for work to be done, regarding the direction of the force and the object's movement? | The object must move in the same direction as the force. |
| Work done is calculated from the force and the distance moved by the object. | Calculation of Work Done |
| How can work done be calculated, and what are the necessary parameters? | Work done is calculated from the force multiplied by the distance moved by the object. |
| Work done is equal to the energy transferred. | Energy Transferred |
| What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred? | Work done is equal to the energy transferred. |
| Work done and energy transferred share the same units: the joule (J). | Units of Work Done and Energy Transferred |
| What units are used to measure work done, and how do they relate to energy transfer? | The units for work done are joules (J), which are also used for energy transfer. |
| The greater the force acting on an object, the greater the work done. | Impact of Force on Work Done |
| How does the force acting on an object affect the amount of work done? | The greater the force, the greater the work done. |
| The greater the distance moved by the object, the greater the work done. | Impact of Distance Moved on Work Done |
| How does the distance moved by an object affect the amount of work done? | The greater the distance moved, the greater the work done. |
| The unit of measurement for both work done and energy transferred. | Joule |
| What is the unit of measurement for work done and energy transferred? | The joule (J) is the unit for both work done and energy transferred. |
| 1 joule of work is done when a force of 1 N causes a displacement of 1 m. | 1 Joule of Work |
| How is 1 joule of work defined in terms of force and displacement? | 1 joule of work is done when a force of 1 N causes a displacement of 1 m. |
| When an apple falls, it does work as its weight moves it through a distance. | Work Done by Falling Apple |
| How does an apple do work as it falls, and what force is involved? | An apple does work by gravity as its weight moves it through a distance. |
| The work done by an object against air resistance, which is a type of friction. | Work Against Air Resistance |
| What type of force is air resistance, and what work does an object do against it? | Air resistance is a type of friction, and work is done against it as an object moves through the air. |
| The result of air resistance on a falling apple, causing an increase in temperature. | Temperature Increase in Falling Apple |
| How does air resistance affect the temperature of a falling apple? | Air resistance increases the temperature of the apple. |
| When a box is pushed, work is done against friction between the box and the surface. | Work Done Against Friction in Pushed Box |
| What force does a pushed box work against, and what is the result? | Work is done against friction when a box is pushed, leading to a temperature increase. |
| The consequence of doing work against friction when pushing a box, resulting in a temperature increase. | Temperature Rise in Pushed Box |
| How does work done against friction affect the temperature of a pushed box? | It causes a rise in the temperature of the box. |
| Work done against any frictional force acting on an object causes a rise in the temperature of the object. | Generalization: Work Against Friction |
| What is the general effect of doing work against any frictional force on an object? | It causes a rise in the temperature of the object. |
