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level: W09 Work motivation and HRM across countries

Questions and Answers List

level questions: W09 Work motivation and HRM across countries

Question	Answer
Motivation that arises within the individual. The individual wants to do something without reward playing a pivotal role.	"Intrinsic motivation"
Motivation is based on receiving a reward or avoiding punishment.	"Extrinsic motivation"
Unsatisfied need --> Drive toward goal to satisfiy need --> Attainment of goal	"The basic motivation process"
Five basic needs where each new step requires the completion of the prior ones.	"Maslows hierarchy of needs"
He claims that there are two factors that motivates job satisfaction. "Motivators" & "Hygiene factors"	What does Herzbergs two-factor theory of motivation explain?
Job-content factors such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the work itself. Only when motivators are present will there be satisfaction	"Motivators"
Job-context factors such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, working conditions, and company policies and administration. If hygiene factors are not taken care of there will be dissatisfaction.	"Hygiene Factors"
Some individuals have a strong motivation to get ahead, to attain success, and to reach objectives. "High achievers"	McClelland’s Achievement Motivation Theory implies what?
-like situations in which they take personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems. -tend to be moderate risk-takers rather than high or low risk takers. -want concrete feedback on performance. -often tend to be loners rather than team players.	How are McClellands's "High achievers" categorised?
Individuals are motivated by fairness. If they percieve not to be treaded fair then job dissatisfaction occurs.	"Equity theory"
Setting a goal and combining that with a high task perfomance will lead to motivation eventually. Specific challenging goals will enhance the performance of the employees. Essential apsects in this theory: -Level of participation in goal setting -Goal difficulty -Goal specificity -Importance of achieving the goal -Timely feedback regarding progress toward goals	"Goal setting theory"
Motivation is influenced by a person’s belief that: -Effort will lead to performance -Performance will lead to specific outcomes -Outcomes will be of value to the individual	"Expectancy theory"
-Work centrality -Job design -Reward systems	Name the three HRM practises that can motivate employees across countries
How importnat is the work for an individual compared to other areas of interest. Japan - high work centrality Germany, netheraldnds, sweden - Low work centrality	"Work centrality"
Japanese term for "over worked" or "burnt out"	"Karoshi"
What are the actual tasks that the work demands and at what pace does it have to be conducted. The cultural view on work often reflects on this subject. Japan: workers are expected to work long shifts at a high pace with little control over tasks. Sweden: Chill pace with control of activities and much "fika". US: Somewhere in between.	"Job design"
Reward systems can be a powerful tool to motivate personnel. However it may not be as useful in collectivistic countries where the group is prioritized over the individual. In such countries like Japan South Korea, social recognition can be more effective.	"Reward systems"