| What is conduction? | The process by which vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles |
| What is an example of conduction? | A pan being heated |
| Which out of the three states of matter does conduction occur mainly? | solids |
| How is energy stores is transferred to an object by heating? | It is transferred to the thermal energy store of the object and is shared across the kinetic energy of the particles in the object. |
| Why would conduction happen in solids instead of liquids and gas? | Particles in a liquid and gas are much freer to move around, so their particles, collide less frequently, which is why they transfer energy by convection rather than conduction. |
| What is an insulator? | A material in which electrical charges cannot easily move |
| What is a conductor? | A material in which electrical charges can easily pass through |
| Where does convection happen | Gases and liquid |
| What is the difference in convection with liquids and gases rather than conduction in solids | Particles in a liquid and gas are able to move around |
| What is thermal conductivity? | A measure of how quickly an object transfers energy by heating through conduction |
| What is thermal conductivity? | A measure of how quickly an object transfer energy by heating through conduction. |
| What is a thermal insulator? | A material with a low thermal conductivity |
| How does heating a coffee shop with a radiator relies on creating convection currents in the air of coffee such as beans? Explain in full depth with seven steps. (DIFFICULT) | 1. Energy is transferred from the radiator to nearby air particles by conduction
2. The air particles collide with the radiator surface
3. The air by the radiator gets warmer and less dense (as air particles move quicker)
4. The warm air therefore rises and is replaced by the cooler air. The cooler air is then heated from the radiator
5. At the same time, the previous heated air transfers energy to the surrounding (e.g the walls and contents of the room).
6. It cools, becomes denser and sinks
7. The cycle repeats, causing a flow of air to circulate around the coffee shop - called a convection current |
| Why does convection happen? | A heated liquid or gas becomes less dense |
| What practical experiment would you need to do to see convection currents? | Stick some potassium permanganate crystals in the beaker of cold water. Heat the beaker gently over a bunsen burner flame - the potassium permanganate starts to dissolve and make a gorgeous bright purple solution that gets moved around the beaker due to convection current as the water heats. |
| Where does potassium come from? | Banana |
| Many objects in the world is made up of metal such as cutlery, keys and many more. Pans classifies one of them. Explain why pots and pans are made up of metal? | They have a high thermal conductivity |
| If a material has a higher thermal conductivity, what will this mean? | Faster energy can be transferred through it by conduction. |
| What is radiation? | Emission of energy as electromagnetic waves |
