| The imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object. | Static Electricity |
| What is static electricity? | Static electricity is the imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object. |
| Sudden discharges of static electricity that can cause a brief, painful sensation. | Electric Shocks |
| What are electric shocks in the context of static electricity? | Electric shocks are sudden discharges of static electricity that can cause a brief, painful sensation. |
| Accumulation of electric charge on an object due to friction or other processes. | Charge Build-Up |
| How does charge build up in static electricity? | Charge builds up on an object due to friction or other processes. |
| The force that resists the motion of one surface sliding or rolling over another. | Friction |
| What role does friction play in static electricity? | Friction can cause charge to build up on objects in static electricity. |
| A car becomes charged due to friction on its wheels. | Car Charged by Friction |
| How can a car become charged in static electricity? | A car becomes charged due to friction on its wheels. |
| Allowing electrons to flow from a charged object to the ground or another object. | Providing a Route for Electrons |
| What does it mean to provide a route for electrons? | Providing a route for electrons allows them to flow from a charged object to the ground or another object. |
| When you put your hand near a charged car, electrons jump across the gap, causing an electric shock. | Electric Shock from Charged Car |
| How can a charged car cause an electric shock? | When you put your hand near a charged car, electrons jump across the gap, causing an electric shock. |
| Becoming charged, for example, by friction between socks and the carpet. | Becoming Charged by Friction |
| How can you become charged in static electricity? | You can become charged, for example, by friction between socks and the carpet. |
| Metal objects provide a route for electrons to return to earth. | Metal Objects as Route for Electrons |
| How do metal objects contribute to discharging static electricity? | Metal objects provide a route for electrons to return to earth, causing a discharge and potential electric shock. |
| A sudden, visible discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere. | Lightning |
| What is lightning? | Lightning is a sudden, visible discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere. |
| The transfer of electrons between water droplets in clouds. | Cause of Lightning |
| What causes lightning? | Lightning is caused by the transfer of electrons between water droplets in clouds. |
| Positive charge builds up at the top of the cloud, and negative charge builds up at the bottom of the cloud. | Charge Build-Up in Clouds |
| How does charge build up in clouds to cause lightning? | Positive charge builds up at the top of the cloud, and negative charge builds up at the bottom of the cloud. |
| A big spark caused by the discharge of too much negative charge in a cloud, resulting in lightning. | Lightning Spark |
| What is the spark that causes lightning? | The spark that causes lightning is a discharge of too much negative charge in a cloud. |
| When there's an excess of negative charge in a cloud, electrons jump to Earth in a sudden discharge, causing lightning. | Lightning Discharge to Earth |
| How does lightning reach Earth? | When there's an excess of negative charge in a cloud, electrons jump to Earth in a sudden discharge, causing lightning. |
| An imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. | Static Electricity |
| What causes static electricity? | Static electricity is caused by an imbalance of electrons within or on the surface of a material. |
| Rubbing a balloon with an insulator to transfer electrons and give it a negative charge. | Charging a Balloon |
| How can a balloon be charged? | A balloon can be charged by rubbing it with an insulator, transferring electrons and giving it a negative charge. |
| When a negatively charged balloon is placed near a wall, it induces a positive charge in the wall, and the balloon is attracted to the wall. | Balloon and Wall Interaction |
| How does a charged balloon interact with a wall? | A negatively charged balloon induces a positive charge in the wall, leading to attraction and causing the balloon to stick to the wall. |
| The process of charging an object without direct contact by inducing a charge in a nearby neutral object. | Charging by Induction |
| What is charging by induction? | Charging by induction is the process of charging an object without direct contact by inducing a charge in a nearby neutral object. |
| Charged objects can attract each other due to the presence of opposite charges. | Attraction between Charged Objects |
| What causes attraction between charged objects? | Attraction between charged objects occurs due to the presence of opposite charges, where electrons play a crucial role. |
| The process of transferring excess charge between an object and the Earth. | Earthing |
| What is earthing? | Earthing is the process of transferring excess charge between an object and the Earth. |
| The Earth, being very large, can act as a reservoir of electrons. | Earth as a Reservoir of Electrons |
| Why is the Earth considered a reservoir of electrons? | The Earth is considered a reservoir of electrons because it is very large and can absorb or provide electrons during the process of earthing. |
| Excess electrons transfer from a negatively-charged object to the Earth during earthing. | Removal of Excess Electrons |
| What happens to excess electrons when a negatively-charged object is earthed? | Excess electrons transfer from a negatively-charged object to the Earth during earthing. |
| Electrons transfer from the Earth to a positively-charged object during earthing. | Removal of Excess Positive Charge |
| What happens to excess positive charge when a positively-charged object is earthed? | Electrons transfer from the Earth to a positively-charged object during earthing. |
| The process of earthing continues until the charged object becomes neutral. | Discharge Until Neutral |
| When does the process of earthing stop? | The process of earthing continues until the charged object becomes neutral. |
| A method that uses static electricity to spread out droplets of liquid, commonly used in processes like insecticide spraying and painting. | Electrostatic Spraying |
| What is electrostatic spraying? | Electrostatic spraying is a method that uses static electricity to spread out droplets of liquid. |
| The application of insecticide on crops using static electricity to create an even coating and reduce wastage. | Insecticide Spraying |
| How is static electricity used in insecticide spraying? | Electrodes are used to charge the spray nozzle, making the insecticide droplets electrically charged. The like-charged droplets repel each other, spreading out and providing an even coating on crops. |
| The process by which charged droplets are attracted to crops during electrostatic spraying. | Induction |
| What is induction in electrostatic spraying? | Induction is the process by which charged droplets are attracted to crops during electrostatic spraying. |
| The process of using static electricity to spray-paint surfaces, providing an even coating with reduced wastage. | Painting with Static Electricity |
| How is static electricity used in spray-painting cars and bikes? | Electrodes are used to charge the spray nozzle, making the paint droplets electrically charged. The like-charged droplets repel each other, spreading out and providing an even coating on cars and bikes. |
| The phenomenon where electrons jump a gap between charged objects, creating a visible spark. | Sparking |
| What is sparking in the context of static electricity? | Sparking is the phenomenon where electrons jump a gap between charged objects, creating a visible spark. |
| The force that causes extra electrons on a negatively-charged object to repel each other. | Electron Repulsion |
| What causes electrons to repel each other in static electricity? | Electron repulsion is the force that causes extra electrons on a negatively-charged object to repel each other. |
| The voltage or electric potential difference between two charged objects, leading to the flow of electrons. | Potential Difference |
| What is potential difference in static electricity? | Potential difference is the voltage or electric potential difference between two charged objects, leading to the flow of electrons and sparking. |
| An object capable of allowing the flow of electric current. | Conducting Object |
| How does a conducting object contribute to sparking in static electricity? | If a conducting object is placed near a negatively-charged object, there is a large potential difference between them, leading to sparking as electrons jump the gap. |
| The process where a positively-charged object "steals" electrons from nearby conductors, producing a spark and neutralizing the positive charge. | Neutralization |
| What is neutralization in the context of sparking in static electricity? | Neutralization is the process where a positively-charged object "steals" electrons from nearby conductors, producing a spark and making the object neutral. |
| An imbalance of electric charge on an object, leading to the buildup of excess electrons (negative charge) or a deficit of electrons (positive charge). | Static Charge |
| What is static charge, and how does it lead to sparking? | Static charge is an imbalance of electric charge on an object, and when charge builds up, it will try to return to earth. This can result in charges jumping across small gaps, creating sparks. |
| Visible discharges of electricity that occur when charge jumps across a gap between objects. | Sparks |
| Why are sparks caused by static charge considered dangerous? | Sparks caused by static charge are dangerous as they can lead to fires. |
| The accumulation of electric charge on an object, often due to friction or the transfer of electrons. | Charge Buildup |
| How does charge buildup occur in everyday situations? | Charge buildup can occur in many everyday situations, such as during the fuelling of cars, aeroplanes, or other vehicles, where the transfer of electrons can lead to static charge. |
| The movement of fuel, often along pipes, where the transfer of electrons can occur, leading to static charge. | Fuel Transfer |
| Why is charge buildup during the fuelling of vehicles especially dangerous? | Charge buildup during fuelling is dangerous because fuel is flammable, and a spark from static charge could cause a significant fire. |
| The process of connecting an object to the earth or ground with a conductor to prevent charge buildup. | Earthing |
| How can the dangers of sparking from static charge during fuelling be prevented? | The dangers can be prevented by earthing, which involves connecting both the vehicle and the fuel pipe to the earth with a conductor to ensure charge doesn't build up. |
