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level: Level 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 3

Question	Answer
contribute to the FORMATION OF OXIDANTS and photochemically generated particulate matter in the atmosphere. generally include propellants, solvents, and non-solvent/non-propellant volatile organic compounds in antiperspirants and deodorants	Volatile Organic Compounds
Suspension roll-ons, solids and soft solid forms have the potential to contain what are currently the MOST EFFECTIVE ACTIVES:	1 ACTIVATED ALUMINIUM ZIRCONIUM CHLOROHYDRATES 2 ACTIVATED ALUMINIUM SESQUICHLOROHYDRATE
Product forms popular in the 1 USA 2 UK	. 1 solids, gels and soft solids 2 aerosol formulations based on hydrocarbon propellant systems
The physical forms of aluminium chlorohydrate and aluminium zirconium complexes are available in:	(1) aqueous solution (50% in water for ACH, 46% for AZCH) (2) all forms of powders (3) propylene glycol solutions
POWDER TYPES	1 Macrospherical powder 2 super ultrafine particles 3 Spray-dried powder
1 composed of relatively large, dense spheres and a minimum number of small particles (10% less than 10 microns) for AEROSOL USE and low-residue solids. 2 used in suspension STICKS and suspension ROLL-ONS, where settling rate and surface area play a large role 3 micronized to 97.5% of particles below 325 mesh is widely used in AEROSOL SUSPENSIONS.	1 Macrospherical powder 2 super ultrafine particles (of ACH and AZCH ) 3 Spray-dried powder
1 Buffering agents 2 alcohol solubilizing adjuncts	1 glycine & urea 2 propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol can be combined with ACH (1&2)
A synergistic effect was found to exist when __ were linked to ACH	cationic zirconium compounds aluminium compounds buffered the acidity of the zirconium, which in turn increased the effectiveness of the complex.
the most recent advancements in antiperspirant technology	Activated ACH and AZCH compounds