| importance of preparation of operatory | to be able to minimize the risk of cross contamination |
| ADA recommendation: each patient must be considered potentially ____ | infectious |
| All dentists and staff be vaccinated against ____ | hepatitis B |
| Contaminated disposable sharps must be placed into a __________ containers labelled _______ | separate, leak proof, closable, puncture resistant; biohazards (red color) |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Most common means of sterilization | AUTOCLAVE |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(advatanges):Excellent penetration of packages | AUTOCLAVE |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(advatanges):Sterilization is verifiable | AUTOCLAVE |
| AUTOCLAVE:____ at 121° at ___ | 15- 40min; 15psi |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(disadvatanges):Can destroy heat sensitive material (like plastic instruments) | AUTOCLAVE |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(disadvatanges):Rust and corrosion can occur | AUTOCLAVE |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(advatanges):Complete corrosion protection for dry instruments (less moisture) | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(advatanges):Equipment is of low initial cost | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(advatanges):Sterilization is verifiable | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(disadvatanges):Slow turnover time (too long) | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION(disadvatanges):If sterilizer temperature is too high, instruments may be damaged | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Kills MO through an oxidation process 320°C for 30min for 2h | PROLONGED DRY HEAT |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Not predictable | INTENSE DRY HEAT (GLASS BEAD) |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Sterilize contaminated hand files | INTENSE DRY HEAT (GLASS BEAD) |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Not verifiable | INTENSE DRY HEAT (GLASS BEAD) |
| METHODS OF STERILIZATION:Not for sterilization of hand files between use of different patients only same patients | INTENSE DRY HEAT (GLASS BEAD) |
| METHODS OF DISINFECTION | 1/4 cup of NaOCL + 1 gallon water for 10-30 min |
| "METHODS OF STERILIZATION: Corrosive to metals and irritating to skin" | METHODS OF DISINFECTION |
| METHODS OF DISINFECTION is biocidal against | bacterial vegetative forms, virus, spore forms |
| importants of preparation of patient: to have a ___ who is willing to accept _____and whatever it entails | well-informed patient; root canal treatment |
| PREPARATION OF PATIENT (GOAL):Educate the patient of the __ as well as the ___ of root canal treatment | risks; benefits |
| PREPARATION OF PATIENT (GOAL):Inform the patient what is expected of him ________ the treatment | before, during, and after |
| PREPARATION OF PATIENT (GOAL):Convince the patient to __________ root canal treatment | accept, value, and appreciate |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(AMOXICILLIN): Adults | 2.0g |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(AMOXICILLIN): children | 50mg/kg |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(AMOXICILLIN): Given ____ before procedure | orally 1 hr |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Ampicillin):adult | 2.0g IM or IV |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Ampicillin):children | 50mg/kg IM or IV |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Ampicillin):Given ____ before procedure | 30 mins |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(clindamycin):adults | 600mg |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(clindamycin):children | 20mg/kg (suspension) |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(clindamycin):Given ____ before procedure(all prophylactic) | orally 1 hr |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Cephalexin, Cefadroxil):adults | 2.0g |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Cephalexin, Cefadroxil): children | 50mg/kg |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures(Cephalexin, Cefadroxil):Given ____ before procedure | orally 1 hr |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin):adults | 500mg |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin):children | 15mg/kg |
| Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin):Given ____ before procedure | orally 1 hr |
| Pain Management Strategies:use of NSAIDs, acetaminophen before treatment procedure | Pre-treatment |
| Pain Management Strategies:use of NSAIDs, acetaminophen before treatment procedure to block the development of ____ by reducing _____ | hyperalgesia; peripheral nociceptor input |
| Pain Management Strategies:Use of ___ anesthetics | long acting |
| Pain Management Strategies: | NSAID + acetaminophen or acetaminophen + opioid or NSAID + drug that increases analgesic effect of NSAIDs |
| bedrock of pain control in endodontics and restorative dentistry | effective local anesthesia |
| Failure to achieve anesthesia in patients with pain may be due to:Severe pain is present | Patients with hyperalgesia |
| Failure to achieve anesthesia in patients with pain may be due to:lower amount of anesthetic solutions can penetrate the area in the presence of low pH (acidic) | Presence of apical abscess (lower pH) |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: IANB + long buccal on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Periodontal ligament on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Local Infiltration on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: PDL on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on Irreversible Pulpitis | OK |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: IANB + long buccal on necrosis | (OK) |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Periodontal ligament on necrosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on necrosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Local Infiltration on necrosis | (OK) |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: PDL on necrosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on necrosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: IANB + long buccal on periapical pathosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Periodontal ligament on periapical pathosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on periapical pathosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Local Infiltration on periapical pathosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: PDL on periapical pathosis | NO |
| WHEN TO APPLY ANESTHESIA: Intrapulpal on periapical pathosis | NO |
| Periodontal Ligament Injection: size needles | 25 or 27 gauge short needle |
| Periodontal Ligament Injection:____ angle in the vasculature in and around the tooth | 30-degree |
| Periodontal Ligament Injection:onset | rapid |
| Periodontal Ligament Injection:duration | 10-20 mins |
| Last resort technique when all other techniques does not achieve profound anesthesia | Intrapulpal Technique |
| Intrapulpal Technique:onset | immediate |
| Intrapulpal Technique:duration | 15-20 mins |
| Intrapulpal Technique:necessary | strong back pressure |
| Intrapulpal Technique:Should not be used without prior | Periodontal Ligament Injection |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Upper anteriors): ROUTINE ANESTHESIA | labial infiltration |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Upper posteriors): ROUTINE ANESTHESIA | buccal infiltration |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower incisors): ROUTINE ANESTHESIA | labial infiltration |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower canine and first premolars (3’S & 4’S)): ROUTINE ANESTHESIA | mental nerve block |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower second premolar and molars (5’S and molars)): ROUTINE ANESTHESIA | IAN block |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Upper anteriors): SUPPLEMENTARY | intrapulpal/intraligamentary |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Upper posteriors): SUPPLEMENTARY | palatal/intrapulpal/intraligamentary |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower incisors): SUPPLEMENTARY | lingual infiltration/intrapulpal/intraligamentary |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower canine and first premolars (3’S & 4’S)): SUPPLEMENTARY | lingual infiltration/intrapulpal/intraligamentary |
| PAIN CONTROL WITH LOCAL ANESTHESIA (Lower second premolar and molars (5’S and molars)): SUPPLEMENTARY | intrapulpal/intraligamentary |
| Percentage of subjects who never achieved two consecutive non-responsive EPT readings at any time during a 60 minutes period; Even with application of anesthesia, there is still no numbness | Anesthetic Failure |
| Anesthetic Failure: occurs in 2nd molar | 17% |
| Anesthetic Failure:occurs in central incisors | 58% |
| Percentage of subjects who achieved two consecutive non-responsive EPT readings within 15 minutes and continuously sustain non-responsiveness for 60 minutes | Anesthetic Success |
| Anesthetic Success: occurs in 2nd molar | 65% |
| Anesthetic Success: occurs in central incisors | 10% |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Caries Control | Remove all caries |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Is a must in endodontic treatment (usually the first) | Radiograph |
| Radiograph techniques:with the help of film holding devices; long axis of tooth parallel to the film | Paralleling/Long Cone technique |
| Radiograph techniques:PID must be perpendicular to the line bisecting the long axis of the tooth and the x-ray film | Bisecting Angle Technique |
| Radiograph techniques:used to: locate additional canals/roots, distinguish between superimposed objects, locate foreign bodies, Locate anatomic landmarks in relation to root apex | Buccal Object Rule/Clark’s Rule/Cone shift technique/SLOB |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Placing temporary filling on the tooth | Build up/temporization |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Done when there is a need to expose the area where caries is present but cannot be seen | Crown Lengthening |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Done to have better visual access to the tooth | Crown Lengthening |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:An orthodontic treatment that can expose a protruded tooth by forcingly avulsing it from the socket | Forced Eruption |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:Done to have better visual access to the tooth | Forced Eruption |
| TOOTH PREPARATION:To maintain alveolar bone for implant | Forced Eruption |
| Best isolation option for endodontic treatment | Rubber dam |
| Rubber dam:protects the patient from ___ of instruments, debris, medicaments, and irrigating solutions | aspiration |
| Rubber dam:Also protects clinicians from ____; to avoid lacerations, mistakes, accidents, etc | litigations |
| Maintains a surgically clean operating field isolated from saliva, hemorrhage, and other tissue fluids | Rubber dam |
| Rubber dam:Reduces risk of _______ of the root canal system | cross contamination |
| Excellent barrier to potential spread of infectious agents | Rubber dam |
| Rubber dam:Also provides _____and protection | soft tissue retraction |
| Rubber dam:Improves visibility with a _____and reduces ___ | dry field; mirror fogging |
| Efficiency increase by minimizing patient conversation and frequent rinsing | Rubber dam |
| Methods/Techniques of Rubber Dam Placement: | rubber dam first; clamp then dam; all together; split dam |
