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level: addt notes midterms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: addt notes midterms

Question	Answer
TRUE OR FALSE: the mandibular canine showed a greater degree of sexual dimorphism than the maxillary canine	TRUE
Smaller and rounder tooth	women
well-defined like a square teeth	men
orthometric method (sex determination): men orbits	squarish with roundish margins
orthometric method (sex determination): womens orbits	roundish with sharp margins
orthometric method (sex determination): male glabella	well developed
orthometric method (sex determination): female glabella	ill-developed
orthometric method (sex determination): frontal bone/ forehead male	skull is larger and more sloping forehead
orthometric method (sex determination): frontal bone/ forehead female	skull is smaller and retains frontal and parietal bossing
MALE/ FEMALE: made up of much lighter bones with smooth surfaces	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination): square chin	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): developed ridge where neck muscles attach	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): acute angle border of mandible	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): presence of mastoid process	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): sharp upper margin of orbit	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination):more vertical forehead	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination): more pointed chin, wider angle of jaw	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination):less pronounced mastoid process	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination):wider and larger ramus	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): obtuse ramus	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination):larger, wider and broader palate	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): smaller and narrower palate	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination):subpubic angle is less and have a "v-shape"	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination):subpubic angle is wide and have a "u-shape"	FEMALE
orthometric method (sex determination): sacrum is long, narrow, and straighter	MALE
orthometric method (sex determination): sacrum is shorter, wider, and more curved	FEMALE
It aids in age segregation during mass disasters	Age Estimation
used to determine eligibility for social benefits and legal rights.	Age Estimation
Methods for young children:Utilizes a detailed staging system based on the specific development stage of each permanent tooth. Stages can range from initial calcification to complete root formation and eruption	Moorrees
Methods for young children:Offers comprehensive age assessment data for all permanent teeth, including separate charts for males and females, and upper and lower jaws	Moorrees
Methods for young children:Highly detailed, offering tooth-specific data; Provides a wider age range for estimation, starting from birth; First molar shows the most consistent and reliable results.	Moorrees
Methods for young children:Requires detailed knowledge of the tooth development stages; May not be ideal for fragmented remains or missing teeth	Moorrees
Methods for young children:Is a more simplified staging system	Demirjian
Methods for young children:dental age estimation technique based on the development of teeth. It primarily uses the stages of tooth mineralization to estimate a person's age	Demirjian
"Methods for young children:By comparing the individual's tooth development stages with the reference standards, an estimate of the person's dental age is obtained"	Demirjian
Demirjian:Cusp tips are mineralized but have not yet coalesced	A
Demirjian:mineralized cusps are united so the mature coronal morphology is well-defined	B
Demirjian:the crown is about 1/2 formed the pulp chamber is evident and dentinal deposition is occuring	C
Demirjian:crown formation is complete to the dentinoenamel junction. The pulp chamber has a trapezoidal form	D
Demirjian: Formation of the interradicular bifurcation has begun. Root length is less than the crown length	E
Demirjian:root length is at least as great as crown length; roots have funnel-shaped endings	F
Demirjian:root walls are parallel; but apices remain open	G
Demirjian: apical ends of the roots are completelty closed and the periodontal membrane has a uniform width around the root	H
provides a full range of age estimation data begin- ning at birth	Moorrees
begin to assess age between 2 and 3 years	Demirjian
technique used in forensic odontology for estimating the age of an individual based on the analysis of dental characteristics;takes into account specific changes that occur in the teeth as a person ages	Gustafson
ABRASION: if confined to enamel	<30 years
ABRASION: if reached dentin	30-40 years
ABRASION:if extensive dentine	40-50 years
ABRASION:if occlusal surface flat	50-60 years
ABRASION:At the level of tooth neck	>60 years
the distance from the root apex to the maximum height of transparency along the root surface	Root transparency
can be used as more reliable age marker than any other morphological or histological traits in the human skeleton.	Cementum Annulations
stages of 3rd molar: This initial stage marks the formation of a tooth bud within the jawbone. It consists of dental lamina (epithelial tissue) and dental papilla (mesenchymal tissue). This bud is essentially the blueprint for the future tooth.	Initiation (Age 6-8 years)
stages of 3rd molar: The dental papilla differentiates, forming the dental pulp (soft tissue core) and dentin (hard tissue layer) of the root. This process progresses gradually, with the formation of multiple root branches depending on the specific tooth. The number of roots can vary from one to three	Root Formation (Age 8-12 years)
stages of 3rd molar: While root development continues, the dental lamina starts crafting the enamel (hard outer layer) and dentin of the tooth crown. This intricate process is slower than root formation and takes several years to complete. The final shape and size of the crown are determined during this stage	Crown Formation (Age 12-16 years)
stages of 3rd molar: Once the root and crown are fully formed, the tooth needs to erupt through the gum tissue to become visible in the mouth.	Eruption (Age 17-25 years)
nonessential amino acid that can be made from other substances in the body and doesn’t need to be consumed in foods	Aspartic acid
process in which one enantiomer of a compound, such as aspartic acid converts into another amino acid.	Racemization
best source of aspartic acid for age assessment using the racemization technique	dentin
Also known as Radiocarbon dating/Carbon Dating	Enamel reuptake of radioactive C-14
specialized technique used in forensic odontology to document dental evidence for identification and investigative purposes; involves the systematic capture of detailed photographs of a person's teeth, oral structures, and any dental anomalies, injuries, or restorations.	forensic dental photography
involves using dental X-rays in forensic investigations to identify individuals, determine causes of death, estimate ages, and analyze bite marks. It's a key part of forensic odontology, where experts interpret X-ray images of teeth and jaws to provide crucial evidence in legal cases.	forensic dental radiography
Forensic radiology originates from 1895 with ______ first radiograph	Conrad Roentgen's
Postmortem radiographic examination began in __, marking the inception of forensic radiology.	1898
Forensic radiology heavily relies on X-rays and static images captured on ___	roentgenograms
Radiographs aid age determination via ___	tooth eruption assessment.
Reduction in dental pulp cavity size indicates ___	aging.
Ratio of ____ used in age estimation.	pulp to root
Radiographs of ___________ determine skeletal maturation in children	third finger's middle phalanx
widely used for personal identification.	orthopantomography
pioneered use of orthopantomography in forensic application	gustafson
are crucial for identifying victims of mass disasters and wars.	orthopantograms
An investigative aspect of dentistry that analyzes dental evidence for human identification	forensic odontology
branch of Forensic Odontology and it is the first step leading to human positive identification	sex determination
greatest distance between the contact points on the proximal surfaces of the crown	mesiodistal dimension
defined as the greatest distance between the labial or buccal surface and lingual surface of the tooth crown.	buccolingual
show the greatest dimensional difference with large teeth in males than in females	mandibular canines