| When a force acts on an object, it changes the object's momentum. | Momentum Change due to Force |
| What happens to an object's momentum when a force is applied to it? | When a force acts on an object, it changes the object's momentum. |
| The rate at which momentum changes over time when a force is applied to an object. | Rate of Change of Momentum |
| What does the rate of change of momentum represent? | The rate of change of momentum represents the change in momentum over time when a force is applied to an object. |
| The force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. Take Newton's Second Law Equation: Combine it with the Acceleration Equation: To give this Equation: | Relationship between Force and Momentum Change |
| How is force related to the change in momentum of an object? | The force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. |
| Increasing the duration (time) of a collision reduces the force exerted during the collision. | Force and Collision Duration |
| How does increasing the duration of a collision affect the force exerted during the collision? | Increasing the duration of a collision reduces the force exerted during the collision. |
| Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its | Newton's Second Law in Momentum Change |
| How does Newton's Second Law relate to changes in an object's momentum? | Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. |
| Deceleration is the rate at which an object slows down or decreases its velocity. | Deceleration |
| What is deceleration? | Deceleration is the rate at which an object slows down or decreases its velocity. |
| Large decelerations occur when an object experiences a significant decrease in velocity over a short period of time. | Large Decelerations |
| What are large decelerations? | Large decelerations occur when an object experiences a significant decrease in velocity over a short period of time. |
| Large decelerations result in a large rate of change of momentum for an object. | Rate of Change of Momentum in Deceleration |
| How does deceleration affect the rate of change of momentum? | Large decelerations result in a large rate of change of momentum for an object. |
| Deceleration leads to a large force being exerted on objects due to the rapid change in momentum. For example, a car and its passengers have a mass of 1200 kg and are travelling at 30 m/s. The car crashes into a wall and its velocity drops to 0 in 0.5 seconds. This means that the car and its passengers experience a force of 72,000 N: | Force in Deceleration |
| What causes the large force experienced during deceleration? | Deceleration leads to a large force being exerted on objects due to the rapid change in momentum. |
| Cars are equipped with safety features such as crumple zones, airbags, and seat belts to mitigate the effects of large decelerations during crashes. | Safety Features in Cars |
| How do safety features in cars help reduce the impact of deceleration during crashes? | Safety features in cars such as crumple zones, airbags, and seat belts increase the time over which deceleration occurs, thereby reducing the force experienced by passengers during crashes. |
| Crumple zones are areas of a vehicle designed to deform and absorb energy during a collision, increasing the time over which deceleration occurs. | Crumple Zones |
| What is the purpose of crumple zones in vehicles? | Crumple zones are areas of a vehicle designed to deform and absorb energy during a collision, increasing the time over which deceleration occurs. |
| Airbags deploy rapidly during a collision to provide a cushioning effect, increasing the time over which deceleration occurs and reducing the force exerted on occupants. | Airbags |
| How do airbags contribute to reducing the impact of deceleration during collisions? | Airbags deploy rapidly during a collision to provide a cushioning effect, increasing the time over which deceleration occurs and reducing the force exerted on occupants. |
| Seat belts are stretchy safety restraints designed to secure occupants within a vehicle during sudden deceleration or collisions. | Seat Belts |
| What is the function of seat belts in vehicle safety? | Seat belts are safety restraints designed to secure occupants within a vehicle during sudden deceleration or collisions, reducing the risk of injury by preventing occupants from being ejected from the vehicle or colliding with the interior surfaces. |
