| Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. | Eukaryotic Cells |
| What do plant and animal cells have in common in terms of cellular structure? | Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells, containing a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes. |
| A jelly-like substance within cells where most chemical reactions occur. | Cytoplasm |
| What is the function of the cytoplasm in cells? | The cytoplasm contains enzymes and facilitates various chemical reactions necessary for cellular processes. |
| A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell. | Cell Membrane |
| What role does the cell membrane play in cellular function? | The cell membrane regulates the types and quantities of substances entering and leaving the cell. |
| The organelle within a cell that contains genetic material and controls cellular activities. | Nucleus |
| What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell? | The nucleus contains DNA and regulates gene expression, controlling the cell's activities. |
| Organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. | Mitochondria |
| Where does cellular respiration occur in cells, and what is its purpose? | Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and is the process by which cells release energy from glucose. |
| Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. | Ribosomes |
| What is the role of ribosomes in a cell? | Ribosomes manufacture proteins by translating mRNA during protein synthesis. |
| Specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions. | Organelles |
| What are the main organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells? | The main organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and others responsible for various cellular functions. |
| Organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. | Chloroplasts |
| What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells? | Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs, using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. |
| A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. | Chlorophyll |
| What gives chloroplasts their green color, and what is its role in photosynthesis? | Chloroplasts are green due to chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis. |
| The process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy to produce glucose and oxygen. | Photosynthesis |
| What occurs during photosynthesis, and where does it primarily take place? | Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily occurring in chloroplasts within plant cells. |
| Membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that store water, nutrients, and waste. | Vacuole |
| What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells? | Vacuoles store cell sap, which helps maintain turgor pressure, regulate cell size, and store nutrients and waste. |
| A weak solution of sugars and salts found in the vacuole of plant cells. | Cell Sap |
| What is cell sap, and where is it typically found in plant cells? | Cell sap is a solution of sugars and salts found in the vacuole of plant cells, helping to maintain cell structure and store nutrients. |
| A rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells, providing support and protection. | Cell Wall |
| What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells? | The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and maintains cell shape in plant cells. |
| A complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants. | Cellulose |
| What is the primary component of the cell wall in plant cells, and what is its significance? | Cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall, providing strength, rigidity, and support to plant cells. |
| Single-celled microorganisms belonging to the domain Bacteria. | Bacteria |
| What are bacteria, and how are they classified? | Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms classified as prokaryotes. |
| Cells that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. | Prokaryotic Cells |
| What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike eukaryotic cells. |
| The gel-like substance found inside cells, containing various organelles. | Cytoplasm |
| What is cytoplasm, and what is its role in bacterial cells? | Cytoplasm is the internal fluid of cells where cellular processes occur, found in bacterial cells as well. |
| A semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. | Cell Membrane |
| What is the function of the cell membrane in bacterial cells? | The cell membrane regulates the transport of molecules and ions in and out of the bacterial cell. |
| A rigid structure outside the cell membrane providing support and protection to the cell. | Cell Wall |
| What is the role of the cell wall in bacterial cells? | The cell wall maintains the shape and protects the bacterial cell from osmotic pressure changes. |
| The main genetic material of a cell, usually found in the form of a chromosome or chromosomal DNA. | Chromosomal DNA |
| Where is the genetic material located in bacterial cells, and how is it organized? | In bacterial cells, the genetic material, chromosomal DNA, is found in the cytoplasm and forms a single circular chromosome. |
| Small, circular DNA molecules found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells, capable of independent replication. | Plasmids |
| What are plasmids, and what is their significance in bacterial cells? | Plasmids are small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules in bacterial cells, often containing genes for antibiotic resistance or other advantageous traits. |
| Whip-like structures used by cells for movement. | Flagella |
| What are flagella, and what is their function in bacterial cells? | Flagella are tail-like structures that enable bacterial cells to move and navigate through their environment. |
