| Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. | Kinetic Energy |
| What factors determine the amount of energy stored in an object's kinetic energy store? | The amount of energy in an object's kinetic energy store depends on its mass and its speed. |
| Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms (kg). | Mass |
| How does the mass of an object affect its kinetic energy? | The kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to its mass; as the mass increases, the kinetic energy also increases. |
| Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance, typically measured in meters per second (m/s). | Speed |
| How does the speed of an object affect its kinetic energy? | The kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to the square of its speed; as the speed increases, the kinetic energy increases exponentially. |
| . | Kinetic Energy Equation |
| For example, this is how to calculate the kinetic energy stored by a 4 kg dog running at 3 m/s: | Example Calculation |
| How does the relationship between mass and kinetic energy affect heavier and lighter objects? | Heavier objects have more kinetic energy than lighter objects if they are moving at the same speed. |
| Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. | Gravitational Potential Energy |
| What is gravitational potential energy? | Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its position in a gravitational field. |
| The force experienced by a unit mass placed in a gravitational field, typically denoted by the symbol 'g'. | Gravitational Field Strength |
| What determines the value of gravitational field strength on a planet? | The value of gravitational field strength on a planet depends on its mass and radius. |
| The gravitational field strength experienced by objects on Earth's surface, typically around 9.8 m/s² or 10 N/kg. | Gravitational Field Strength on Earth |
| What is the value of gravitational field strength on Earth? | On Earth, the gravitational field strength is approximately 10 N/kg or 9.8 m/s². |
| A fixed point or level used as a baseline for measuring the position, energy, or other properties of an object. | Reference Point |
| Why is gravitational potential energy often measured relative to a reference point such as ground level? | Gravitational potential energy is often measured relative to a reference point such as ground level to quantify the energy gained or lost as an object moves vertically. |
| The process of determining the amount of energy stored in an object's gravitational potential energy store using the equation: | Calculation of Gravitational Potential Energy |
| For example, this is how to calculate the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by a 60 kg person jumping 0.4 m upwards on Earth: | Example Calculation |
| The gain in energy experienced by an object as it is raised to a higher position above a reference point, resulting in an increase in its gravitational potential energy. | Increase in Gravitational Potential Energy |
| What happens to an object's gravitational potential energy as it is raised above ground level? | As an object is raised above ground level, its gravitational potential energy increases due to the work done against gravity in raising it to a higher position. |
| A visual representation used to illustrate the movement or conversion of energy between different energy stores or systems. | Energy Transfer Diagram |
| What is an energy transfer diagram? | An energy transfer diagram is a graphical representation that depicts the movement or conversion of energy between different energy stores or systems. |
| A component or system within which energy can be stored, such as kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, or chemical energy. | Energy Store |
| What are energy stores in an energy transfer diagram? | Energy stores in an energy transfer diagram are represented by boxes and denote locations where energy is stored within a system or component. |
| A graphical element used in energy transfer diagrams to indicate the direction of energy flow between different energy stores. | Arrow (in Energy Transfer Diagram) |
| What do arrows represent in an energy transfer diagram? | Arrows in an energy transfer diagram indicate the direction of energy flow between different energy stores or components. |
| A type of diagram that represents energy transfers or flow processes using arrows of varying widths, with the width of the arrows proportional to the amount of energy transferred. | Sankey Diagram |
| What is a Sankey diagram used to represent? | A Sankey diagram is used to represent energy transfers or flow processes, with the width of the arrows proportional to the amount of energy transferred. |
| The thickness of arrows in a Sankey diagram, which corresponds to the quantity or magnitude of energy transferred. | Width of Arrows (in Sankey Diagram) |
| What does the width of arrows represent in a Sankey diagram? | In a Sankey diagram, the width of arrows represents the magnitude or quantity of energy transferred, with thicker arrows indicating larger amounts of energy transfer. |
| The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input in a system or process, often expressed as a percentage. | Energy Efficiency |
| How is energy efficiency depicted in energy transfer diagrams? | Energy efficiency can be depicted in energy transfer diagrams by showing the proportion of energy transferred usefully (e.g., to produce light in the case of light bulbs) relative to the total energy input. |
