| Oscillations that transfer energy without transferring matter. | Waves |
| What is transferred by waves? | Energy and information. |
| Physical substance that occupies space and has mass. | Matter. |
| What does not transfer with waves? | Matter. |
| Small waves or undulations on the surface of water. | Ripples. |
| What transfers energy when an object is thrown into water? | Ripples. |
| Waves that travel along the interface between two different media, such as water and air. | Surface Waves |
| How do water particles move when waves travel across the surface? | Water particles move up and down. |
| The principle that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. | Conservation of Matter |
| Why don't we observe matter being transferred by water waves? | If matter were transferred by water waves, we'd soon see less water in one place and more in another. |
| Why don't we observe matter being transferred by sound waves? | if sound waves transferred matter, we'd see all the air moving away from a source of noise to leave a vacuum. |
| Waves in which the medium moves in the same direction as the wave. | Compression Waves |
| How do air particles move when sound waves pass through them? | Backwards and forwards, always returning to their original position. |
| Waves in which particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. | Transverse Waves |
| In what direction do particles vibrate in transverse waves? | Perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. |
| Waves in which particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel. | Longitudinal Waves |
| What are the two main types of waves? | Transverse and longitudinal waves. |
| Regular, repetitive movements of particles around an equilibrium position. | Oscillations. |
| What are the vibrations in transverse waves called? | Oscillations. |
| The path along which energy is transmitted from one point to another. | Direction of Energy Transfer |
| In transverse waves, what is the relationship between the direction of particle vibration and the direction of energy transfer? | Perpendicular. |
| At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface. | Perpendicular |
| At what angle do particles vibrate relative to the direction of wave travel in transverse waves? | 90 degrees or perpendicular. |
| The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. | Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| Give an example of a type of wave that is transverse. | Electromagnetic spectrum waves. |
| Waves in which particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer. | Longitudinal Waves |
| How do particles oscillate in longitudinal waves? | Parallel to the direction of energy transfer. |
| The region in a longitudinal wave where particles are crowded together. | Compression |
| What happens to particles in a longitudinal wave during compression? | They are crowded together. |
| The region in a longitudinal wave where particles are spread apart. | Rarefaction. |
| What is the spreading out of particles in a longitudinal wave called? | Rarefaction. |
| Waves generated by earthquakes or other earth tremors. | Seismic Waves |
| What are examples of longitudinal waves? | Sound waves and seismic primary waves. |
| The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position. | Amplitude |
| What is the amplitude of a wave? | The maximum displacement from the undisturbed position. |
| The distance from a point on one wave to the corresponding point on the next wave. | Wavelength |
| What is the wavelength of a wave? | The distance between two corresponding points on consecutive waves. |
| The number of waves passing a point per second. | Frequency |
| What does frequency measure? | The number of waves passing a point per second. |
| The time it takes for one complete wave oscillation. | Period |
| What is the period of a wave? | The time taken for one complete wave cycle. |
| The speed at which a wave propagates through a medium. | Wave Velocity |
| What is wave velocity? | The speed at which a wave moves through a medium. |
| Imaginary lines representing the crest of a wave. | Wavefronts |
| What are wavefronts? | Imaginary lines representing the crest of a wave. |
| The highest point of a wave. | Crest |
| What does each wavefront line represent? | The crest of a single wave. |
