| A cell that has not yet undergone differentiation and has the potential to develop into various specialized cell types. | Stem Cell |
| What is the defining characteristic of a stem cell? | It has not undergone differentiation. |
| The process by which a stem cell develops into a specialized cell type with specific functions. | Differentiation (stem cells) |
| What can a stem cell do in terms of differentiation? | It can differentiate into many specialized types of cells. |
| Stem cells found in animals, capable of differentiating into various specialized cell types. | Animal Stem Cells |
| Where are stem cells found? | Stem cells are found in both animals and plants. |
| Stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo, capable of differentiating into many types of cells. | Embryonic Stem Cells |
| What type of stem cells are present in an animal embryo during early development? | Embryonic stem cells. |
| The process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism or cell. | Cloning |
| What can you do with embryonic stem cells? | You can clone them and induce differentiation into most types of cells. |
| Undifferentiated cells found in mature organisms, capable of differentiating into a limited range of specialized cell types. | Adult Stem Cells |
| What are adult stem cells? | Undifferentiated cells found in mature organisms. |
| The process by which a stem cell develops into a specialized cell type with specific functions. | Differentiation (stem cell) |
| What can adult stem cells differentiate into? | Adult stem cells can differentiate into a few particular types of cells. |
| The soft, spongy tissue found within the cavities of bones, containing stem cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells and immune cells. | Bone Marrow |
| What types of cells can stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into? | Blood cells and immune cells. |
| The application of stem cells for therapeutic purposes, including tissue regeneration and organ repair. | Stem Cells in Medicine |
| How can stem cells be used in medicine? | Stem cells can be utilized for growing new tissue or repairing damaged organs. |
| Medical treatment aimed at improving a patient's health or alleviating symptoms of a disease or condition. | Therapeutic Treatment |
| What are some potential applications of stem cell treatment in medicine? | It could help paralysed patients or patients with diabetes, among other conditions. |
| The process of creating an embryo with the same genetic makeup as a patient for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells for medical treatment. | Therapeutic Cloning |
| What is therapeutic cloning? | It involves creating an embryo with the same genes as a patient for medical purposes. |
| Stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo, capable of differentiating into various cell types. | Embryonic Stem Cells |
| What type of stem cells may be used in therapeutic cloning? | Embryonic stem cells. |
| The immune response in which the body's immune system attacks and rejects transplanted tissues or organs. | Tissue Rejection |
| Why are embryonic stem cells used in therapeutic cloning advantageous? | Because they contain the same genetic material as the patient, reducing the risk of tissue rejection. |
| The DNA or RNA of an organism, containing the instructions for the development and functioning of cells. | Genetic Material |
| How do embryonic stem cells used in therapeutic cloning prevent tissue rejection? | They contain the same genetic material as the patient, minimizing the likelihood of rejection by the patient's immune system. |
| The study of stem cells and their potential use in medical treatment and research. | Stem Cell Research |
| What are some concerns associated with stem cell treatment? | Potential medical risks, including the risk of viral infection. |
| The invasion of a host organism's cells by viruses and the subsequent replication and spread of those viruses. | Viral Infection |
| What is one risk associated with viruses and stem cell treatment? | Viruses can infect stem cells, potentially leading to transmission to the patient. |
| Moral or philosophical issues related to what is perceived as right or wrong behavior. | Ethical Concerns |
| Why do some people oppose stem cell research? | Due to ethical or religious concerns. |
| The early stage of human development, typically up to eight weeks after fertilization, when the organism is called an embryo. | Human Embryos |
| What is one ethical concern related to stem cell research? | The use of human embryos for research or medical treatment. |
| The idea that an embryo has the potential to develop into a fully formed human being. | Potential Human Life |
| What do some individuals believe each embryonic stem cell represents? | A potential human life. |
| Undifferentiated cells found in meristem tissue of plants, capable of differentiating into various cell types. | Stem Cells (in Plants) |
| Where are stem cells found in plants? | In the meristem tissue of roots and shoots. |
| Plant tissue containing undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division and differentiation into various cell types. | Meristem Tissue |
| What are stem cells in plants referred to as? | Meristems. |
| The process by which stem cells develop into specialized cell types with specific functions. | Differentiation (stem cells) |
| What is the capability of plant stem cells regarding cell types? | They can differentiate into any type of cell. |
| The process of increasing in size or complexity, typically involving cell division and enlargement. | Growth |
| How do plant stem cells contribute to plant growth? | By continuously differentiating into various cell types, allowing plants to grow throughout their lives. |
| The process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism or cell. | Cloning |
| What can plant stem cells facilitate in terms of reproduction? | Cloning, leading to the production of genetically identical plants. |
| The complete disappearance of a species from Earth. | Extinction |
| How can cloning with plant stem cells be beneficial for conservation efforts? | By reproducing rare species at risk of extinction. |
