| Beams of electromagnetic radiation that travel in straight lines. | Light Rays |
| How do light rays behave when they encounter surfaces? | Light rays can be reflected off surfaces in different ways. |
| The bouncing back of light rays from a surface when they encounter it. | Reflection |
| What are the two different ways light rays can be reflected? | Specular reflection and diffuse reflection. |
| Reflection from a smooth, flat surface in a single direction, producing a clear image. | Specular Reflection |
| What type of surface results in specular reflection? | Smooth, flat surfaces. |
| Reflection or scattering of light rays from a rough or uneven surface, resulting in no clear image. | Diffuse Reflection |
| What type of surface results in diffuse reflection? | Rough or uneven surfaces. |
| The process by which light rays are dispersed or spread out in various directions when they encounter an uneven surface. | Scattering |
| What happens during diffuse reflection? | Light rays are scattered in various directions, resulting in no clear image. |
| A visual representation of an object formed by light rays that have been reflected, refracted, or diffracted. | Image |
| What type of reflection produces a clear image? | Specular reflection, such as the reflection in a mirror. |
| Electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, occupying a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. | Visible Light |
| What is visible light? | Electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. |
| The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. | Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| What is visible light part of? | The electromagnetic spectrum. |
| The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave. | Wavelength |
| What determines the color of light within the visible light spectrum? | The wavelength of the light. |
| The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time, usually expressed in hertz (Hz). | Frequency |
| How does the frequency of light relate to its color within the visible light spectrum? | Red light has the lowest frequency, while violet light has the highest frequency. |
| Electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, typically ranging from about 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength. | Visible Light |
| What determines the color of objects as perceived by humans? | The wavelengths of visible light that are absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by the object. |
| The process by which light is taken in and converted into other forms of energy by a substance. | Absorption |
| What happens when an object absorbs certain wavelengths of light? | It appears to have absorbed those wavelengths and may appear as a different color. |
| The process by which light bounces off a surface. | Reflection |
| How does reflection contribute to the perception of color in objects? | Objects reflect certain wavelengths of light, contributing to their perceived color. |
| The passage of light through a substance without being absorbed or reflected. | Transmission |
| How does transmission affect the color of an object? | Objects that transmit certain wavelengths of light may appear to have a particular color. |
| An object that predominantly reflects or transmits red light and absorbs other colors. | Red Object |
| What happens when a red object reflects or transmits red light? | It appears red to the human eye. |
| An object that predominantly reflects or transmits blue light and absorbs other colors. | Blue Object |
| What happens when a blue object reflects or transmits blue light? | It appears blue to the human eye. |
| An object that reflects all wavelengths of visible light equally. | White Object |
| How does a white object appear to the human eye? | It appears white because it reflects all colors of visible light equally. |
| An object that absorbs all wavelengths of visible light. | Black Object |
| How does a black object appear to the human eye? | It appears black because it absorbs all colors of visible light. |
| Optical devices that selectively transmit certain wavelengths or colors of light while absorbing others. | Filters |
| What do filters do with regards to light? | Filters only transmit certain wavelengths (and colors) of light while absorbing others. |
| The passage of light through a substance without being absorbed or reflected. | Transmission |
| What happens to light when it passes through a filter? | Only certain wavelengths (and colors) of light are transmitted while others are absorbed. |
| A filter that transmits predominantly red wavelengths of light while absorbing other colors. | Red Filter |
| What type of light passes through a red filter? | Only red light passes through a red filter. |
| A filter that transmits a combination of red, blue, and violet wavelengths of light while absorbing other colors. | Magenta Filter |
| What colors of light pass through a magenta filter? | Red, blue, and violet light pass through a magenta filter. |
| The process by which light is taken in and converted into other forms of energy by a substance. | Absorption |
| What happens to the wavelengths of light that are not transmitted through a filter? | They are absorbed by the filter. |
| Visible light that contains all wavelengths of the visible spectrum in equal amounts. | White Light |
| What happens when white light is aimed at a filter? | Only certain wavelengths (and colors) of light that match the filter's transmission properties will pass through, while others are absorbed. |
