| Energy transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. | Radiation |
| What do all objects do with respect to radiation? | All objects both emit and absorb radiation. |
| The process by which energy from electromagnetic waves is absorbed by a material. | Absorption |
| What is absorption? | The process by which materials take in energy from electromagnetic waves. |
| The process by which energy is released in the form of electromagnetic waves by an object. | Emission |
| What is emission? | The process by which objects release energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. |
| The amount of energy per unit area per unit time emitted or transmitted in a specific direction. | Intensity |
| What does the intensity of emission depend on? | The temperature of the emitting body. |
| The arrangement of the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by a substance or object. | Wavelength Distribution |
| What factors influence the wavelength distribution of emission? | The temperature of the emitting body. |
| A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance or object | Temperature |
| How does temperature affect the emission of radiation? | Hotter objects emit more radiation with shorter wavelengths than cooler objects. |
| A material that efficiently absorbs radiation. | Good Absorber |
| What type of material is also a good emitter of radiation? | A good absorber of radiation. |
| Luminous celestial bodies consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity, producing energy through nuclear fusion reactions. | Stars |
| What are examples of objects that are both good emitters and absorbers of radiation? | Stars, such as the Sun, are good emitters and absorbers of radiation. |
| The amount of energy radiated by an object per unit area, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²). | Radiation Intensity |
| What is radiation intensity? | Radiation intensity is the amount of energy radiated by an object per unit area per unit time. |
| The process by which energy from radiation is taken in and retained by an object. | Absorption |
| What is absorption? | Absorption is the process by which energy from radiation is taken in and retained by an object. |
| The process by which energy is released from an object in the form of radiation. | Emission |
| What is emission? | Emission is the process by which energy is released from an object in the form of radiation. |
| A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, indicating how hot or cold it is. | Temperature |
| What does temperature measure? | Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. |
| A state in which an object's temperature remains the same over time. | Constant Temperature |
| What does it mean for an object to be at constant temperature? | An object at constant temperature is emitting and absorbing radiation at the same rate. |
| The rate at which energy is transferred, used, or converted. | Power |
| What is power in the context of radiation? | Power refers to the rate at which energy is emitted or absorbed by an object through radiation. |
| A decrease in the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, resulting in a decrease in temperature. | Fall in Temperature |
| What happens to an object's temperature if the rate of emission exceeds the rate of absorption? | The object's temperature falls. |
| An increase in the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, resulting in an increase in temperature. | Rise in Temperature |
| What happens to an object's temperature if the rate of absorption exceeds the rate of emission? | The object's temperature rises. |
| The process by which the Earth absorbs light and infrared radiation from the Sun. | Radiation Absorption |
| What process occurs when the Earth absorbs light and infrared radiation from the Sun? | Radiation absorption. |
| The result of the Earth absorbing light and infrared radiation from the Sun, leading to a rise in temperature. | Temperature Increase |
| What happens to the Earth's temperature when it absorbs radiation from the Sun? | The Earth's temperature increases. |
| The process by which the Earth reflects and emits radiation into space, reducing its temperature. | Radiation Reflection |
| What process occurs when the Earth reflects and emits radiation into space? | Radiation reflection. |
| The equilibrium between the absorption and emission of radiation by the Earth, maintaining a constant temperature. | Temperature Balance |
| What maintains the Earth's temperature at a steady level? | The balance between absorption and emission of radiation. |
| Gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane, that absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation. | Greenhouse Gases |
| What are greenhouse gases? | Gases in the Earth's atmosphere that absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation. |
| The process by which greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap and re-radiate infrared radiation, leading to warming of the Earth's surface. | Greenhouse Effect |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | The process by which greenhouse gases trap and re-radiate infrared radiation, warming the Earth's surface. |
| An increase in the Earth's average surface temperature due to the enhanced greenhouse effect, primarily caused by human activities. | Global Warming |
| What is global warming? | An increase in the Earth's average surface temperature caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect. |
| Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, often attributed to global warming. | Climate Change |
| What is the potential consequence of global warming? | Climate change, characterized by long-term alterations in atmospheric conditions. |
