| Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than infrared light, commonly used for broadcasting, communications, and satellite transmissions. | Radio Waves |
| What are radio waves used for? | Radio waves are used for broadcasting, communications, and satellite transmissions. |
| Waves of energy consisting of electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel through space, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. | Electromagnetic Waves |
| What are electromagnetic waves useful for in everyday life? | Electromagnetic waves are useful for various applications in everyday life. |
| The distribution of audio or video content to a wide audience through radio or television transmissions. | Broadcasting |
| How are radio waves utilized in broadcasting? | Radio waves are used to distribute audio or video content to a wide audience through radio or television transmissions. |
| Electromagnetic waves used for broadcasting and communications, which can induce oscillations in electrical circuits. | Radio Waves |
| What can radio waves induce in electrical circuits? | Radio waves can induce oscillations, creating an alternating current in the conductor. |
| Periodic back-and-forth movements or vibrations, such as those induced by radio waves in electrical circuits. | Oscillations |
| What do radio waves create when absorbed by a conductor? | Radio waves create oscillations or alternating current in the conductor. |
| An electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically with a sinusoidal waveform. | Alternating Current (AC) |
| What type of current do radio waves create in a conductor? | Radio waves create alternating current (AC) in the conductor. |
| The number of oscillations or cycles per unit of time, often measured in hertz (Hz). | Frequency |
| What is the frequency of the current induced by radio waves? | The current has the same frequency as the radio waves. |
| The process of embedding data or messages into a wave or signal for transmission. | Information Encoding |
| How is information transmitted using radio waves? | Information can be coded into the wave before it's sent. |
| The distribution of audio, video, or data content to a wide audience, typically via radio or television transmissions. | Broadcasting |
| Why are radio waves useful for broadcasting? | Radio waves can carry coded information, making them useful for broadcasting content on TVs or radios. Additionally, radio waves are not harmful to humans. |
| Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of infrared radiation, used for various applications including cooking, communications, and satellite transmissions. | Microwaves |
| What are microwaves used for? | Microwaves are used for cooking, communications, and satellite transmissions. |
| The envelope of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet, allowing microwaves to travel through it. | Atmosphere |
| Can microwaves travel through the Earth's atmosphere? | Yes, microwaves can travel through the Earth's atmosphere. |
| Communication between ground-based stations and satellites in orbit using microwaves to transmit data. | Satellite Communications |
| How are microwaves used in satellite communications? | Microwaves can travel through the Earth's atmosphere, making them useful for satellite communications. |
| Communication signals transmitted between mobile phones and base stations, often using microwaves. | Mobile Phone Signals |
| In what technology are microwaves used for transmission? | Microwaves are used in mobile phone signals. |
| Kitchen appliances that use microwaves to cook or heat food quickly and efficiently. | Microwave Ovens |
| How do microwave ovens work? | Water molecules in food absorb the microwaves, causing them to vibrate and heat up, cooking or heating the food quickly. |
| Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, commonly used for cooking, thermal imaging, communications, and security systems. | Infrared Waves |
| What are infrared waves sometimes called? | Infrared waves are sometimes called thermal radiation. |
| The result of an object absorbing infrared radiation, causing its temperature to rise. | Temperature Increase |
| What happens to an object when it absorbs infrared radiation? | Its temperature increases. |
| Kitchen appliances such as toasters, electric ovens, and heaters that utilize infrared waves for cooking or heating. | Infrared Cooking Appliances |
| What makes infrared useful for kitchen appliances like toasters and electric ovens? | Infrared waves cause objects to heat up when absorbed, making them suitable for cooking or heating food. |
| Electromagnetic waves emitted by objects due to their temperature, commonly referred to as infrared waves. | Thermal Radiation |
| What is another term for infrared waves? | Infrared waves are also known as thermal radiation. |
| The process of detecting and visualizing infrared radiation emitted by objects, used for various applications including seeing living things in the dark. | Thermal Imaging |
| What is thermal imaging? | Thermal imaging is the process of detecting and visualizing infrared radiation emitted by objects. |
| Communication over short distances, typically using infrared waves, as seen in file transfers between mobile phones or laptops. | Short-Range Communications |
| How are infrared waves used in short-range communications? | Infrared waves are used for short-range communications, such as transferring files between mobile phones or laptops. |
| Hand-held devices that transmit signals to control functions of a television, often using infrared waves. | TV Remote Controls |
| What technology do TV remote controls often use to transmit signals? | TV remote controls often use infrared waves. |
| Systems designed to monitor and protect properties, often utilizing infrared waves for motion detection and surveillance. | Security Systems |
| What are security systems? | Security systems are systems designed to monitor and protect properties, often using infrared waves for motion detection and surveillance. |
| Thin, transparent fibres made of glass or plastic, used for transmitting light signals, including infrared waves, over long distances. | Optical Fibres |
| How are infrared waves used in optical fibres? | Infrared waves are used in optical fibres to transfer information over long distances, as they are reflected down the fibre. |
| The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye, responsible for vision, photography, and illumination. | Visible Light |
| What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans see? | Visible light. |
| The process by which our eyes detect visible light and interpret it to create a picture of the world around us. | Human Vision |
| How do humans perceive their surroundings? | Our eyes detect visible light and use it to build up a picture of the world around us through human vision. |
| Man-made sources of light, such as lamps and torches, used to illuminate indoor and outdoor environments. | Artificial Light Sources |
| What do we use to light up our surroundings? | We use artificial light sources like lamps and torches. |
| The art, process, or practice of creating images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation. | Photography |
| How is light used to create photographs? | Light is detected by cameras and used to create a photograph. |
| Electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths and higher energy than visible light, commonly used for security marking, fluorescent lamps, and water disinfection. | Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation |
| What is ultraviolet (UV) radiation commonly used for? | Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is commonly used for security marking, fluorescent lamps, and water disinfection. |
| A writing tool containing ink visible only under ultraviolet (UV) light, used for marking items for identification or security purposes. | Security Pen |
| How can UV light be used to identify stolen property? | A security pen can be used to make marks that are invisible unless UV light is shone on them, helping to identify stolen property. |
| The process of identifying counterfeit or forged documents or banknotes, often by revealing hidden markings visible only under UV light. | Forgery Detection |
| How is ultraviolet light used in detecting forged banknotes? | Real banknotes have special markings that only show up under UV light, aiding in forgery detection. |
| Energy-efficient lighting devices containing fluorescent substances that emit visible light after absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. | Fluorescent Lamps |
| What is the function of fluorescent substances in fluorescent lamps? | Fluorescent substances absorb UV rays and emit the energy as visible light, making fluorescent lamps energy efficient. |
| The process of eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms in water to make it safe for consumption or other purposes. | Water Disinfection |
| How can UV radiation be utilized in water treatment plants? | UV radiation can disinfect water by damaging and killing bacteria, making it safe for consumption. |
| Electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths and higher energy than ultraviolet (UV) light, commonly used in medical imaging and security scanning. | X-rays |
| What are X-rays commonly used for? | X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging and security scanning. |
| The visualization of internal body structures for medical diagnosis or treatment using techniques such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound. | Medical Imaging |
| How are X-rays used in medical imaging? | X-rays are used in medical imaging to identify broken bones because they are absorbed by bones but pass easily through tissue. |
| The process by which X-rays are absorbed by bones due to their density, resulting in contrast with surrounding tissues in medical images. | Bone Absorption |
| Why are X-rays effective in identifying broken bones? | X-rays are absorbed by bones but pass easily through tissue, allowing for clear visualization of bone structures in medical images. |
| The process of identifying defects or irregularities in objects or materials, often using imaging techniques such as X-rays. | Fault Detection |
| How are X-rays utilized in checking for faults in objects? | X-rays can be used to image the internal structure of objects, allowing for the detection of faults or defects. |
| Devices used to screen passengers and luggage for prohibited items or security threats at airports, often utilizing X-rays for imaging. | Airport Security Scanners |
| How are X-rays employed in airport security scanners? | X-rays are used in airport security scanners to check luggage for banned items by imaging the contents for inspection. |
| High-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from the atomic nucleus, commonly used in medicine and sterilization processes. | Gamma Rays |
| How are gamma rays used in cancer treatment? | Gamma rays are very harmful to cells, so they can treat cancer by killing the cancer cells. |
| The use of medical procedures, including radiation therapy, to kill cancer cells or inhibit their growth and spread. | Cancer Treatment |
| Why are gamma rays used in cancer treatment? | Gamma rays are used in cancer treatment because they are very harmful to cells, making them effective at killing cancer cells. |
| The visualization of internal body structures for medical diagnosis or treatment using imaging techniques, such as gamma-ray imaging. | Medical Imaging |
| How are gamma rays used in medical imaging? | Gamma rays can be emitted from a substance injected into the body, detected externally, and used to build up images of internal structures. |
| The process of killing or removing all microorganisms from an object or surface to make it free from germs or pathogens. | Sterilization |
| How are gamma rays utilized in sterilizing food and medical equipment? | Gamma rays are used to sterilize food and medical equipment by killing any microorganisms present on the surfaces. |
