| Relatively weak attractive forces between molecules. | Weak Intermolecular Forces |
| What affects the properties of typical covalent, simple molecular compounds? | The properties of typical covalent, simple molecular compounds are affected by weak intermolecular forces. |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, creating a stable molecule. | Strong Covalent Bonds |
| What type of bonds are present within simple molecules? | Simple molecules contain strong covalent bonds within the molecule. |
| The process of applying energy to break the weak forces between molecules, allowing the substance to melt or boil. | Overcoming Intermolecular Forces |
| What must be overcome for a substance to melt or boil? | It's the intermolecular forces that must be overcome for the substance to melt or boil, not the covalent bonds. |
| Relatively low temperatures at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (boiling). | Low Melting and Boiling Points |
| Why do substances made from simple molecules have low melting and boiling points? | This doesn't take much energy, so substances made from simple molecules have low melting and boiling points. |
| The physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of a substance under typical environmental conditions. | State at Room Temperature |
| What state are typical covalent, simple molecular compounds usually in at room temperature? | They're usually gases or liquids at room temperature. |
| The size of molecules within a substance, often determined by the number of atoms they contain. | Molecular Size |
| How does the size of molecules affect the strength of intermolecular forces? | The bigger the molecules, the stronger the intermolecular forces between them are. |
| The elements in group 7 of the periodic table, also known as the halogens, including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. | Group 7 Elements |
| What elements in the periodic table form simple molecules joined by covalent bonds? | For example, all the elements in group 7 of the periodic table form simple molecules joined by covalent bonds. |
| How are the size of the molecules affected as you go down group 7 in the periodic table? | These molecules get bigger as you go down the group from fluorine to chlorine to bromine to iodine. |
| The transformation of a substance from one physical state to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. | State Changes |
| What are the states of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine at room temperature? | Fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temperature, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. |
| The ability of a substance to conduct electric current, typically due to the movement of charged particles. | Electric Conductivity |
| Why don't simple molecular substances conduct electricity? | Simple molecular substances don't conduct electricity because the molecules have no overall charge. |
| Large molecules containing chains of carbon atoms. | Simple Polymers |
| What are simple polymers? | Simple polymers are large molecules containing chains of carbon atoms. |
| Long chains of repeating units, linked by strong covalent bonds. | Polymers |
| What are polymers? | Polymers are long chains of repeating units, linked by strong covalent bonds. |
| Small molecules that combine to form polymers. | Monomers |
| What are the smaller molecules called that form polymers? | Polymers are formed from many smaller molecules called monomers. |
| The process of forming a polymer by chemically bonding monomers together. | Polymerization |
| What is the process of forming a polymer from monomers called? | The monomer molecules join together in a long chain to form the polymer. |
| A polymer formed from many ethene monomers joined together. | Poly(ethene) |
| What is an example of a polymer formed from ethene monomers? | For example, many ethene monomers join together to form poly(ethene). |
| The portion of a polymer molecule that repeats throughout the chain. | Repeating Unit |
| What is the portion of a polymer molecule that repeats throughout the chain? | The bit in brackets is the repeating unit that makes up poly(ethene). |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. | Covalent Bonds |
| What type of bonds link the repeating units in a polymer chain? | Polymers are formed from many smaller molecules called monomers. |
| The long sequence of repeating units in a polymer molecule. | Polymer Chain |
| What do the covalent bonds drawn through the brackets show us? | This shows that this repeating unit is joined to others on either side. |
| What does the "n" in a polymer representation indicate? | The "n" shows that the unit is repeated a large number of times in the polymer. |
