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level: ARACHNIDA SPIDERS & TICKS (part 3 of arthropods)

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level questions: ARACHNIDA SPIDERS & TICKS (part 3 of arthropods)

Question	Answer
their venoms are COMPLEX MIXTURES Studied extensively as a source of new drugs	SPIDERS
Spiders Sub-species:	1 Latrodectus Species 2 Loxosceles Species
once bitten, manifestations are: - SHARP & PINPRICK-LIKE, followed by DULL, NUMBING PAIN; CRAMPS, PILOERECTION in the bite area. - MUSCLE FASCICULATION (seen WITHIN 30 MINS) - Sweating, weakness and pain in lymph nodes (LYMPHADENITIS: swelling of lymph nodes) - PAIN in LOW BACK, THIGHS, or ABDOMEN and rigidity of the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES - SEVERE PAROXYSMAL MUSCLE CRAMPS ● Male & Female are VENOMOUS; female have LARGE FANGS	Latrodectus Species “Widow Spiders” ● Commonly known as BLACK WIDOW, BROWN WIDOW, & RED-LEGGED SPIDER
Latrodectus Species “Widow Spiders” SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT 1 relieve muscle pain; fasciculation, muscle cramps; 2 Muscle Relaxant 3 Used in Acute Hypertensive Crisis 4 used for Severe Cases	1) IV Calcium Gluconate (4 to 6 hours) 2 Methocarbamol (5-10 mg) 3) IV Nitroprusside 4 Antivenom (antivenin, L. mactans)
- Venom has COAGULATION & VASOCONSTRICTION properties; causes SELECTIVE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE - Venom ADHERE TO NEUTROPHILS; - When INJECTED to MAMMALS: LOCAL TISSUE REACTION, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA - Sting pain is the SAME AS WHEN BITTEN BY ANT once bitten, manifestations are: LOCAL BURNING SENSATION, PRURITIS (after 30-60 MINS), SKIN TEMPERATURE ELEVATED lesion area, REDDENED AREA ENLARGED and PURPLISH (1-8hours HEMORRHAGING), LYMPHADENOPATHY (greater than 1cm), IN SERIOUS BITES: 8by10cm with SEVERE NECROSIS Systemic symptoms and signs include fever, MALAISE, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, JAUNDICE, SPLEEN ENLARGEMENT, HEMOLYSIS, HEMATURIA, AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA. FATAL CASES: INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, HEMOGLOBINURIA, & RENAL FAILURE.	Loxosceles Species “Brown or Violin Spiders”
SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT FOR Loxosceles Species “Brown or Violin Spiders” 1 For Hemorrhaging 2 For Itching and Inflammation 3 Lessen Redness / Lesion	No effective first aid treatment for Brown or Violin spiders 1 Corticosteroid such as IM DEXAMETHASONE, (4mg every 6h - acute phase) 2 Dexanol cream 3 Dapsone
Ticks families	1) Ixodidae and 2) Argasidae 3) Nuttalliellidae.
Common manifestation of TICKS caused by the saliva of certain ticks of the families Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Nuttalliellidae. will happen if ticks fangs is not removed from the skin can progress until it reaches the lungs, AFFECTING RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; cause PROBLEMS IN SPEECH The first evidence of envenomation appear until several days later; SMALL MACULES DEVELOP surrounded by ERYTHEMA & SWELLING, displaying HYPEREMIC HALO	Tick Paralysis ● Peak Paralytic Activity - 60 to 100 kDa ● Lethal Nonparalytic Fraction - 20 kDa