| If you choose 2 points at the same height in a column of water, the pressure will be the same. | Pressure at Same Height in Water |
| What happens if you put holes at the same height in a can of water? | All the water shoots out with the same force because the pressure is the same. |
| Pressure increases with depth due to the weight of liquid above. | Pressure Increases with Depth |
| Why does pressure increase with depth in a liquid? | Because of the weight of liquid above. |
| If you put holes in a bottle at different heights, the lower the hole, the greater the pressure or force that the water shoots out with. | Demonstrating Pressure Increase with Depth |
| What can be observed if you put holes in a bottle at different heights? | The lower the hole, the greater the pressure or force that the water shoots out with. |
| It doesn't matter what shape a container is, the pressure always depends on depth. | Pressure Depends on Depth, Not Container Shape |
| Does the shape of the container affect the pressure at a given depth? | No, the pressure always depends on depth, not the shape of the container. |
| Pressure in a liquid also depends on density and gravitational field strength. | Pressure in a Liquid |
| What factors does pressure in a liquid depend on? | Density and gravitational field strength. |
| Pressure in a liquid is calculated using this equation: ? = ??ℎ | Pressure Calculation Equation |
| What is the equation for calculating pressure in a liquid? | ? = ??ℎ. |
| ? is the pressure due to the column of liquid in pascals (Pa). | Pressure Units |
| What is the unit of pressure in the equation ? = ??ℎ? | Pascals (Pa). |
| ? is the density of the liquid in kg/m³. | Density Units |
| What is the unit of density in the pressure equation? | Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). |
| ? is the gravitational field strength in N/kg. | Gravitational Field Strength |
| What is the unit of gravitational field strength in the pressure equation? | Newtons per kilogram (N/kg). |
| ℎ is the height (depth) of the column of liquid in meters (m). | Height of Liquid Column |
| What does ℎ represent in the pressure equation? | The height (depth) of the column of liquid in meters (m). |
| Objects in fluids experience upthrust. | Upthrust |
| What is upthrust? | An upward force experienced by objects in fluids. |
| An object placed in a fluid experiences the force of its own weight, acting downwards. | Force of Weight |
| What force acts on an object placed in a fluid? | The force of its own weight, acting downwards. |
| The bottom of the object experiences a greater pressure than the top of the object. This is because pressure increases with depth. | Pressure Difference |
| Why does the bottom of an object in a fluid experience greater pressure than the top? | Because pressure increases with depth. |
| There is an upward force called upthrust acting on the object due to the pressure difference. | Cause of Upthrust |
| What causes upthrust on an object in a fluid? | The pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the object. |
| The object in the fluid displaces some of that fluid. | Displacement of Fluid |
| What happens to the fluid when an object is placed in it? | The object displaces some of the fluid. |
| The upthrust is equal to the weight of fluid displaced. | Magnitude of Upthrust |
| How is the magnitude of upthrust determined? | It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. |
| If the upthrust is smaller than the object's weight, the object will sink and remain fully immersed. | Sinking Condition |
| What happens if the upthrust is smaller than the object's weight? | The object will sink and remain fully immersed. |
| If the upthrust is bigger than the object's weight, the object will rise to the surface of the fluid. | Rising Condition |
| What happens if the upthrust is bigger than the object's weight? | The object will rise to the surface of the fluid. |
| The object rises until some of it is immersed, and some is not – the object is partially immersed. | Partial Immersion |
| What does it mean when an object is partially immersed? | Some of it is in the fluid and some is not. |
| When an object is partially immersed, it will be displacing less fluid than if it was fully submerged. This means the upthrust will be smaller. | Upthrust and Displacement |
| How does partial immersion affect upthrust? | The upthrust will be smaller because the object displaces less fluid. |
| An object will float at a height where the upthrust is equal to its weight. | Equilibrium Condition |
| When will an object float? | When the upthrust is equal to its weight. |
| If a boat takes on more cargo, it will become more immersed, so that the upthrust increases to counteract the increased weight. | Example of Upthrust |
| What happens to a boat's immersion level when it takes on more cargo? | It becomes more immersed, increasing the upthrust to counteract the increased weight. |
| Objects float or sink because of upthrust. | Reason for Floating or Sinking |
| Why do objects float or sink? | Because of upthrust. |
| If upthrust is greater than the object's weight, the object will rise in the water. | Upthrust Greater Than Weight |
| What happens if upthrust is greater than the object's weight? | The object will rise in the water. |
| If upthrust is less than the object's weight, the object will sink. | Upthrust Less Than Weight |
| What happens if upthrust is less than the object's weight? | The object will sink. |
| If upthrust and weight are the same, the object will float (stay at the same depth). | Upthrust Equal to Weight |
| What happens if upthrust and weight are equal? | The object will float and stay at the same depth. |
| The amount of upthrust depends on the density of the object compared to the density of the fluid. | Dependency of Upthrust |
| What does the amount of upthrust depend on? | The density of the object compared to the density of the fluid. |
| If the density of the object is greater than the density of the fluid, it will always sink. | Greater Density Than Fluid |
| What happens if the density of the object is greater than the density of the fluid? | The object will always sink. |
| The weight of the fluid displaced is equal to the upthrust. | Weight of Fluid Displaced |
| What is the relationship between the weight of fluid displaced and upthrust? | The weight of the fluid displaced is equal to the upthrust. |
| The object's weight will always be more than the weight of the fluid displaced (upthrust) if the object is denser. | Denser Object's Weight |
| Why does a denser object always sink? | Because its weight will always be more than the weight of the fluid displaced (upthrust). |
