| How is anatomy of heart valves? | . |
| How is incidence of aortic valve stenosis? | Survival after onset of symptoms 50% at 2 yrs 20% at 5 yrs
Aortic valve replacement is the only effective treatment for symptomatic, hemodynamically severe aortic stenosis |
| What are recommendations on indications in sx aortic stenosis? | . |
| How is recommendation of valve selection mechanical prostehes? | . |
| How is recommendation of valve selection mechanical prosthesis continued? | . |
| How is recommendation of valve selection biological? | . |
| How is recommendation of valve selection biological contin? | . |
| How is relation between aortic valve area and pressure gradient? | inversely proportional |
| How is aortic valve repalcement? | . |
| What are surgical approaches in aortic valve replacement? | Minimally invasive AVR/ sternotomy
Steps: skin marking, exposure and cannulation, aortotomy and valvectomy, closure of sternotomy, end result |
| What are current stents for AVR? | . |
| How is TAVI? | . |
| How is indication of surgery vs TAVI? | . |
| Surgery vs TAVI? | . |
| What are criteria for definition of aortic regurgitation? | EROA >30, Regurg volume >60 |
| How are recommendations for surgery in severe aortic regurgitation? | . |
| How is aortic valve repair for regurgitation? | Endocarditic perforation suture, type I type 0 bicuspidisation, root tightening in floppy leaflet , flail leaflet tightening, central leaflet shortening |
| What are indications of surgery for mitral valve stenosis? | • Effective orifice area less than 1.5 cm2
• Mean gradient more than 5 mmHg.
Replacement by mechanical or biological valve |
| How is management of mitral regurgitation? | Due to prolapse of mitral valve, carpentier classification (type I normal valve movement, Type 2 prolapse, Type 3 diminished movement type 3a during diastole 3b during systole
Criteria for MR (EROA >40, Volume >60, fraction >50%) |
| How is indication for surgery in MR? | . |
| What are criteria for tricuspid regurgitation? | EROA >40, volume >45, recommended surgery in pt w/severe regurg undergoing left sided valve surgery/sx pt w/isolated severe primary tricuspid regurg w/out severe RV dysfunction. |
