| In order of increasing size, how is the genetic material of a eukaryote organised? | Dna, chromosome, nucleus |
| What are chromosomes? | Strip of DNA that are X-shaped structures |
| How many metre worth is the DNA in a cell | 2 metres |
| What is DNA? | molecules with a double helix shape |
| To fit in the amount of DNA around a strip, the DNA is cut into how many strips and is wrapped up really tightly | 46 |
| Look at this interpretation of DNA! What happens to the strips of DNA in step two? | It gets wrapped up really tightly |
| Where in the cell is DNA found? | Nucleus |
| Where in the cell is the chromosome found? | Nucleus |
| The crumbled sheet of paper is now unraveled and the person wants to take a picture on their phone. Describe how the DNA look if it was then unravelled? | Twisted, ladder-like structure. The rungs of the ladder is made up of the letters G, C, A and T, the starting letters for the chemical base of DNA. They are in a sequence and a set of codes or instructions to make protein. |
| Different genes control the development of different characteristics. Give a few examples. Use the images below for help. | Skin colour |
| What are genes? | A sequence of DNA that codes for our proteins |
| How many pairs of chromosomes can fit on a human being? | 23 chromosomes |
| What is the cell cycle? | A timeframe of how often the cell divides (e.g skin cells, red blood cells, and blood cells divide every day, however nerve cells, and muscle cell, although they get bigger, they rarely make new cells) |
| What has a quicker cell cycle, the nerve cell or skin cell? | Skin cell has a very rapid cell cycle, however the nerve cells have a very staganent cell cycle |
| What is the main shape of chromosomes? | X |
| What happens during the huge chunk of the cell cycle? | DNA replicates itself to form more X-shaped chromosome, subcellular structures like mitochondria and ribosome divide, and because you are getting extras of anything, the cell has to grow bigger to get space for all of that material. |
| What is mitosis? | It is when two genetically identical daughter cells are formed |
| Give a reasons why mitosis occurs? | Growth, to repair cells, repair tissues, asexual reproduction |
| Why does the length of cell cycle vary in different tissues? | Different replacement rates |
| Cells of a certain tissue are undergoing mitosis for 25% of the cell cycle. If the cell lasts for 4 hours, estimate the time spent in mitosis. | 240 minutes
25% of 240
0.25 x 240 = 60 minutes |
| Cells of a certain tissue are undergoing mitosis for 20% of the cell cycle. If the cell lasts for 3 hours, estimate the time spent in mitosis. | 180 minutes
20% of 180
0.20 x 180 = 36 minutes |
