| movement of water from root hair to xylem | water crosses from parenchyma cell to parenchyma cell to the xylem via 2 main pathways |
| the apoplast pathway pt1. | Water passes through the continuous system of adjacent cell
walls within the cells of the cortex. |
| the apoplast pathway pt2. | There are no barriers (as the cellulose of the cells is
criss-crossed between each other) to movement so it is able
to move freely and is therefore very rapid. |
| the apoplast pathway pt3. | The water molecules do not enter the cytoplasm or
vacuoles. |
| how is the casparian strip waterproof | contains a hydrophobic protein named suberin |
| why is the apoplast pathway blocked at the endodermis | due to the casparian strip, which seals the cell walls |
| what happens at the blocked off endodermis | water is forced into the symplast pathway, allowing control of solutes entering the xylem and prevents entry of bacteria /toxins |
| the symplast pathway pt1. | Water moves into the cell and through the cytoplasm. |
| the symplast pathway pt2. | The cytoplasm creates a resistance against the flow of
water so slows down the movement of water (there is no
cytoplasm in the cell wall). |
| the symplast pathway pt3. | H2O moves through adjacent cell walls via channels
called plasmodesmata |
