| When did the United Nations vote to partition Palestine? | November 29, 1947. |
| What was the goal of the Zionists who immigrated to Palestine? | To establish a Jewish national state in their ancient homeland. |
| What was Aliyah Bet? | The code name for illegal Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948. |
| Why did Britain limit Jewish immigration to Palestine starting in 1929? | To appease the Palestinian Arabs. |
| What role did the Holocaust play in Jewish immigration to Palestine? | It prompted many Jews, including Holocaust survivors, to illegally enter Palestine. |
| Which major power took up the Zionist cause after World War II? | The United States. |
| When was the State of Israel officially proclaimed, and by whom? | May 14, 1948, by David Ben-Gurion. |
| Which countries invaded Israel the day after its proclamation? | Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. |
| What territories did the Israelis seize during the 1948 war? | Galilee, the Palestinian coast, and a strip of territory connecting the coast to western Jerusalem. |
| What was the outcome of the U.N.-brokered ceasefire in 1949? | Israel retained control of the areas it had conquered. |
| What demographic change occurred in Israel as a result of the 1948 war? | Hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs left, resulting in a Jewish majority. |
| Why did radical Jewish groups use guerilla tactics against British forces in Palestine? | They believed Britain had betrayed the Zionist cause. |
| What led to the sharp increase in Jewish immigration to Palestine during the 1930s and 1940s? | Persecution in Europe, especially after the Holocaust. |
| What did UN Resolution 181 propose in 1947? | The partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem under international control. |
| Why did Britain decide to hand over the Palestine issue to the United Nations? | Britain struggled to manage tensions during its Mandate and could not resolve the conflict between Jews and Arabs. |
| How did the Cold War influence international support for the creation of Israel? | Both the U.S. and the USSR supported partition, seeing potential political advantages in a Jewish state in the Middle East. |
| Why did Arabs oppose the UN partition plan? | They feared the loss of land and rights and rejected the idea of dividing Palestine. |
| What was the significance of the Zionist movement in the division of Palestine? | It advocated for a Jewish homeland, leading to increased immigration and tensions with the local Arab population. |
