| What was the UN Partition Plan of Palestine? | A 1947 plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. |
| What event marked the declaration of the State of Israel? | The declaration in 1948 and the formation of the IDF (Israeli Defense Forces). |
| What was the Arab League’s view on the solution to the Palestine problem? | The establishment of a unitary Palestinian state. |
| What year did the Arab League form, and what protocol initiated it? | 1945, with the signing of the Alexandria Protocol. |
| Who were the founding members of the Arab League? | Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan (Transjordan), and Yemen. |
| Which countries fought against Israel in the 1948-9 Arab-Israeli War? | Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, and Egypt. |
| What was one of the Arab League's main aims in 1945? | To restore law and order and prevent further bloodshed in Palestine. |
| How did the United Kingdom influence the Arab League’s creation? | In 1942, it promoted the idea of forming the Arab League. |
| When did the first phase of the Arab-Israeli War occur, and how did it end? | 15 May – 10 June 1948, ending with a ceasefire. |
| Which Arab force invaded from the south, and what was their size? | The Egyptian army, consisting of 10,000 troops. |
| What role did the Israeli air force play in the first phase? | The new Israeli air force (Sherut Avir) halted the Egyptian offensive. |
| What challenges did the Arab forces from the north face? | Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese troops attacked separately with little coordination. |
| What was the outcome of the Battle for Jerusalem during this phase? | The Arab Legion took the Old City (eastern Jerusalem), while Israelis were blockaded in western Jerusalem. |
| What was the main focus of Egyptian forces during the second phase? | An attack on Negba, followed by an Israeli counter-offensive that pushed them back. |
| What territorial gain did Israel achieve on the northern front? | Control of most of the Galilee region. |
| What was the result of Israel’s efforts in Jerusalem during this phase? | Israel secured more land in the Jerusalem Corridor but failed to recapture the Old City from the Arab Legion. |
| Who was Count Bernadotte, and what happened to him during the second phase? | A UN mediator who proposed a peace plan but was assassinated by the Stern Gang. |
| What change occurred within the Israeli military after Bernadotte’s assassination? | rgun and Stern Gang were incorporated into the IDF (Israeli Defence Forces). |
| What was Israel's focus during its offensive in the north? | To eliminate remaining pockets of resistance and gain complete control of Galilee. |
| What happened to Egyptian troops in the south during this phase? | They were driven out by Israeli forces. |
| What was the situation in Jerusalem during the third phase? | A stalemate, with parts of the city controlled by both Jordanian and Israeli forces. |
| What was Israel’s position by the start of the third and final ceasefire? | They were in complete control. |
| How many lives did Israel lose during the war, and what percentage of the population was this? | 6,000 lives lost, equivalent to 1% of the population. |
| What percentage of the land did Israel control after the war? | 79%, compared to 55% allocated by the UN Partition Plan. |
| What term is used by Palestinians to describe the events of 1948? | Nakba, meaning catastrophe or disaster. |
| How many Palestinian Arabs became refugees as a result of the war? | Approximately 700,000. |
| Where did most Palestinian refugees end up after the war? | In Gaza or the West Bank. |
| What were the terms of the armistice with Egypt? | Confirmed pre-war borders, with Egypt maintaining military control of Gaza. |
| What did Jordan gain in its armistice with Israel? | Control of the West Bank and the Old City of Jerusalem, while Israel controlled western Jerusalem. |
| What was agreed upon in the armistice with Syria? | A UN-negotiated settlement where Syrian troops withdrew, and Israel kept the area demilitarised. |
| What was the Arab League's policy on Palestinian refugees? | Refugees had the right to return to their homes or be compensated by Israel. |
| What law did Israel pass in 1950, and what did it grant? | The Law of Return, granting any Jew in the world the right to become an Israeli citizen. |
| How much financial aid did Israel receive annually, and from whom? | Approximately $1 billion a year from the US Government and US Zionists. |
