| When did the Iran-Iraq War end? | 1988 |
| What happened on August 2, 1990? | Iraq invades Kuwait. |
| When did the United Nations impose sanctions on Iraq? | August 6, 1990 |
| What was the goal of Operation Desert Shield? | To deter further Iraqi aggression by deploying U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia. |
| When did the U.S. launch its air campaign against Iraq? | January 16–17, 1991 |
| What event marked the first major ground engagement of the Gulf War? | Iraq attacked Khafji on January 29–30, 1991. |
| What did Iraq do to provoke Israel and Saudi Arabia? | Iraq launched SCUD missiles at both countries. |
| When did the ground offensive to liberate Kuwait begin? | February 24, 1991 |
| When was Kuwait City liberated? | February 27, 1991 |
| When did the Gulf War officially end? | February 28, 1991 (after President George H.W. Bush declared a ceasefire). |
| When did April Glaspie first meet with Saddam Hussein? | July 25, 1990. |
| What did Glaspie say about the U.S. stance on the Iraq-Kuwait dispute? | "We have no opinion on your Arab-Arab conflicts." |
| What did Glaspie inquire about during her meeting with Saddam Hussein? | The reason for Iraq's troop buildup near Kuwait's borders. |
| What was one of the main causes of Iraq’s infrastructure crisis following the Gulf War? | Coalition bombings, including damage to power plants, bridges, and water systems. |
| How did the Gulf War contribute to Iraq’s economic collapse? | Severe damage to the oil industry and the imposition of UN sanctions. |
| What was the outcome of the uprisings in Iraq after the Gulf War? | Brutal suppression by the Iraqi government, with massive casualties and human rights abuses. |
| How did Iraq’s military capability change after the Gulf War? | Large portions of Iraq’s military hardware were destroyed, weakening its regional influence. |
| What regional instability resulted from the Gulf War? | Power vacuums and fears of future conflicts in the Middle East. |
| What was the economic impact of the Gulf War on oil supplies? | Disruption of oil supplies led to fluctuating prices, but they later stabilized. |
| How did Iraq’s actions affect Kuwait during the war? | Iraq’s invasion and retreat led to devastation, including the burning of oil fields. |
| What sectarian tensions were amplified by the Gulf War? | Sunni-Shia divides were exacerbated due to Iraq’s treatment of internal dissenters and growing Iranian influence. |
| What shift occurred in U.S.-Soviet relations due to the Gulf War? | There was growing cooperation between the U.S. and the USSR, with the USSR supporting UN resolutions against Iraq. |
| What was the significance of the Gulf War for U.S. global power? | It marked the rise of the U.S. as the dominant global power and a shift to unipolar influence. |
