| Neisseria | Unique
Small Gram –ve diplococci
Oxidase positive
Grow best at 35-37°C, humid CO2 Environment
N.Gonorrhea and N.Menigitidis |
| Why does a vaccine exist for N. meningitidis but not N.
gonorrhoeae? | N. meningitidis Capsular proteins are used as vaccine
N. gonorrhoeae does not have a true capsule
Surface proteins of N. gonorrhoeae have not been useful for
production of a vaccine |
| n. gonorrhea | Gram -ve diplococci
Oxidase +ve
Cannot grow on nutrient Agar
Humans are only natural host
2nd to chlamydia as most common sexually transmitted disease
Transmitted primarily by sexual contact
Die rapidly if specimen dries |
| What is the major reservoir of N.gonorrhea? | Asymptomatic infected woman (men |
| n. meningitidis | Gram -ve diplococci
Oxidase +ve
mortality rate close to 100% (10% if treated quickly and correctly)
transmitted by respiratory droplets among people in prolonged close contact
Variable growth on nutrient agar |
| eikenella corrodens | Small, nonmotile, non-spore forming, gram –ve rods
Blood/chocolate agar
Capnophilic: 5-10% CO2
Bleach like odor
Transmission: bite from infected person (introduction of organism into deep tissue) |
| kingella kingae | gram –ve fastidious, oxidase +ve coccobacilli
Resemble Neisseria and reside in oropharynx
Septic arthritis in children (2nd to S. aureus) and endocarditis |
| pasteurellaceae family | Haemophilus and Pastereurella |
| Haemophilus | Requires blood for growth on agar
H.influenza - originally thought to be the cause of the influensa
Differentiation dependent on X or V factor |
| Pasteruella | facultative anaerobic, fermentative coccobacilli
P. multocida (many-killing)
P. canis (dogs)
Most human infections from animal contact (bites) |
| Pseudomonas | Motile, straight or slightly curved Gram –ve rods, arranged in pairs
Aerobic respiration (can use nitrate or arginine as an alternate electron acceptor)
Cytochrome oxidase (used to differentiate from enterobacteriaceae)
Common in cystic fibrosis patients
Produce diffusible pigments for preliminary ID (blue pyocyanin, yellow-green pyoverdin, pyorubin red-brown) |
| P.aeruginosa | Pseudomonas
External otitis (swimmer's ear)
Malignant external otitis: primarily elderly or diabetic ppl, damages cranial nerves and bones, may be life threatening |
| Acinetobacter spp. | Pseudomonas
Strictly aerobic, oxidase -ve, plump Gram –ve, coccobacilli
Can survive on moisturized and dried surfaces (unusual for gram -ve)
Part of normal oropharyngeal flora
Most human infections caused by A.baumannii
"Can close clinics faster than inspectors" |
| Campylobacter | Gram -ve comma shaped microaerophilic rods
Causes gastroenteritis (most common cause) and septicemia
Lab: elevated tem (42 degrees), microaerophilic (5-7% O2 and 5-10% CO2)
C.jejuni, C.coli, C.upsaliensis (contact with dogs) |
| Helicobacter | Gram -ve rods
Gastic helicobacter and enterohepatic helicobacter |
| Gastric helicobacter | Most important -> H.pylori: gastritis, peptic ulcer and B-cell lymphomas |
| bordetella | B.pertusis (whooping cough): humans only
Inhalation of aerosols
Use adhesins to attach to epithelial cells
Incubation period: 7-10 days |
| Brucella | Gram -ve, non-fermenting zoonotic (contaminated food, direct contact with infected animal)
Non-motile non-encapsulated
Facultative or strictly aerobic
Complex growth media
Predilection for erythritol (breast, uterus, placenta)
BSL-3
Antibody detection: IgM initially -> IgG, IgA |
| Legionella | Gram -ve rod (short bacilli)
Obligate aerobe
Enriched cysteine and iron
Dieterle Silver Stain
Aerosols |
