| What is protein made up of | Amino Acids |
| List 4 uses of protein | 1. Growth
2. Repair of organs
3. Maintenance- producing antibodies to prevent illness
4. Secondary Source of Energy |
| What kind of amino acids do humans have in their body and what amino acids do they need to gain by eating | non-essential amino acids, essential amino acids |
| What does HBV stand for? | high biological value |
| What food source can you find HBV the most. Then, state two examples of foods. | animal source, chicken and soya beans |
| What type of amino acids do HBV contain | have all essential amino acids that human need |
| What does LBV stand for | low biological value |
| What food source can you only find LBV. Then, list two examples of the foods | plant-based foods (cereal, nuts) |
| Does LBV contain all the essential amino acids that human need? | no |
| what is protein complementation | way to make sure that we get all essential amino acid by combining various of LBV foods together |
| Give 1 example of protein complementation | peanut butter is LBV and bread too. Therefore peanut butter sandwich is made. |
| What are the 4 protein alternatives? | Soya beans, Mycoprotein, Textured Vegetable Protein, Tofu |
| Are soya beans HBV or LBV? | HBV |
| How is mycoprotein made? | combining fungus and egg white, vegans version is made using potato starch |
| What does TVP stand for | Textured Vegetable Protein |
| What are tofu made of | Curdled soya milk |
| What is the average amount of protein needed by male and female adults in a day? | 55g, 45g |
| What kind of people need more protein? | pregnant women, child and adolescent |
| What are the consequences of consuming excess of protein? | strain livers and kidneys |
| What are the 3 consequences of not consuming enough protein | hair loss, slow growth, poor digestion |
| What are the two diseases caused by deficiency of protein | Kwashiorkor and oedema |
| What does oedema mean | swelling caused by build up of fluid |
| List 4 reasons why we need fat? | 1. Provide energy
2. forming cholesterol
3. providing insulation (heat)
4. source of vitamin (ADEK) |
| What is the definition of cholesterol? | a vital component of cell membrane |
| What are fat made up of? | Triglycerides (esters formed form fatty acids and glycerol) |
| What are fatty acids? | chains of carbon atom bonded to hydrogen atoms |
| What is the chemical bond for saturated fat? | single C-C bond |
| What is the chemical bond for unsaturated fat? | one or more C=C double bond |
| saturated fat are from what food source and what state is it at room temperature? | animal source, solid |
| Unsaturated fat are from what food source and what state is it at room temperature | vegetable source with high-fat content, liquid |
| What are the two types of unsaturated fat | monosaturated and polysaturated fats |
| What is the difference between monosaturated fat and polysaturated fat? | monosaturated have one C=C double bond, polysaturated has two or more C=C double bond |
| What are examples of monosaturated fat | avocado, hazelnuts |
| What are examples of polysaturated fat | walnuts, seeds |
| What are the amount of fat most that an adult needs to intake daily | 70g (less than 20g saturated) |
| How many percentage of fat is needed in the daily food intake? And also saturated fat | 35% and saturated fat 11% |
| What are the three consequences of excess of fat | gaining weight, raise cholesterol level, high blood pressure |
| What are the three diseases caused by excess of fat | obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases |
| What happens of fat to cause cholesterol level to rise | fat restricts the flow of blood around body by clogging blood vessels |
| What are the three consequences of deficiency of fat | less insulation (heat), loss weight, dont get enough fat soluble vitamin (ADEK) which causes bones cruises easier |
| What are two major types of carbohydrate | Sugar and starch |
| Is sugar simple or complex? What is sugar also called as? | Simple, it is also called as 'empty calories' as it supplies energy without providing any nutritional benefits |
| Is starch simple or complex carbs? What are three examples of starchy food? Those foods contain what three types of micronutrients? | Complex. paste, rice, beans. Vitamin B, Iron, Calcium |
| Bodies converts starch and sugar into what? | glucose, it is then absorbed in blood and converted into energy |
| Where are carbohydrate stored in the body | Liver and muscles |
| What are the two examples of complex carbohydrate | starch polysaccharides |
| Why are energy released slower in complex carbohydrate | Because it cannot be digested as quickly as simple carbs therefore raises blood sugar more slowly |
| What are the two types of sugar molecule in simple carbs | monosaccharides and disaccharides |
| what are monosaccharides and list two examples of it | basic sugar molecules. Glucose and fructose |
| What are disaccharides and list one example of it | two monosaccharides. surcose |
| Why does simple carbohydrate have short energy burst? | it digests quickly, which raises blood sugar level faster |
| What does the GI stand for | Glycaemic Index |
| What is a Glycaemic Index | ranks carbs on how quickly they change blood sugar level |
| What are the two things that high GI foods do. What are the 3 examples of high GI foods? | High GI foods are digest by body rapidly, causing quicker raise of blood sugar level. White bread, White rice, Rice cakes |
| What are the two things that low GI foods do. What are the 3 examples of low GI foods? | Low GI foods are digest by the body slowly, causing slow changes on blood sugar level. Lentils, sweet potato, whole wheat bread |
| What kind of people uses Glycaemic Index | diabetics people |
| How many percentage from the daily energy intake is carbs? | 50%, 5% from added sugar |
| What are the 4 consequences of excess of carbs | tooth decay, type 2 diabetes, high blood sugar level, build up fat |
| What are the 4 consequences of deficiency of carbs | low blood sugar level, weight loss, fat deficiency, protein deficiency |
| What are starch? | It is a form of carbohydrates, referred to non-starch polysaccharide or roughage |
| What are the 5 sources of fiber | fruits, vegetables, beans and pulses, nuts and seeds, wholegrain breakfast cereals |
| What are the 5 deficiency of fiber? | weight gain, high blood pressure, heart disease, bowel cancer, constipation |
| What are the amount of fiber needed for a day | 30g for adults and lesser for children |
