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level: cells

Questions and Answers List

level questions: cells

Question	Answer
surrounds and form outer boundary of cell	cell membrane
cell structures that are specialised for particular function	organelles
thick fluid filling inside of cell and the suspended structures it contains	cytoplasm
liquid part of cytoplasm	cytosol
- the internal scaffold of protein fibres within cytoplasm - the framework of protein fibres that gives the cell its shape - microtubes and microfilaments	cytoskeleton
chemical substance occurring as granules or liquid droplets in cytoplasm	inclusions
- double layer: phospholipids, cholesteral and various proteins - semi-permeable membrane that allows some materials to pass	cell structure
- separated from the cytoplasm by nuclear membrane - contains DNA, controls the type of proteins made and the chemical reactions that occur - DNA forms chromatin and chromosomes within the nucleus - largest organelle	nucleus
- mainly composed of RNA - produces ribosomes which play a vital role in protein synthesis - both DNA and nucleolus are suspended in the nucleoplasm	nucleolus
- small spherical organelle found free in the cytoplasm or bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum - make proteins via protein synthesis: amino acids are joined together to form proteins in a sequence determined by DNA	ribosomes
- network of channels formed by parallel membranes - provides a surface for chemical reaction - the inner channels are for storing and transporting molecules - rough ER has ribosomes attached to the surface	endoplasmic reticulum
- modifies proteins and packages them for secretion from the cell - proteins produce at ribosomes pass through ER to golgi body - form a vesicles to transport	golgi body
- chemical reactions take place inside: site for cellular respiration where it produces energy (ATP) for the cell - double membrane: outer-sooth, inner-folded: increase surface area	mitochondria
- small spheres, bound by a membrane, formed from golgi body - contains digestive enzymes that are able to break down large molecules - join with vesicles to break down material within - digest worn-out organelles	lysosomes
- pair of cylindrial structures - plays a vital role in cell division (mitosis)	centrioles
- moves materials past the cell or move the whole cell itself - cilia: tiny hairs, very fine and small - flagella: longer and only one or two are found	cilia and flagella
- liquid surrounded by a membrane - acts as a storage compartment - rare in animal cells	vacuole
- when diameter is doubled, volume is 8x bigger, surface area is 4x bigger - must be microscopic to function effectively - large cell cannot support itself as it does not have enough membrane surface to absorb all the nutrients required and remove waste	small cells