| cell | fundamental structural and functional unit of life |
| Matthias schneiden | German Botanist |
| Theodore Schwann | British Zoologist |
| Matthias schneiden year | 1838 |
| Theodore Schwann YEAR | 1839 |
| Rudolf Virchow YEAR | 1855 |
| pre existing cells | omnis cellula-e cellula |
| one of Smallest cells | Mycoplasma |
| Mycoplasma size | 0.3um |
| Bacteria | 3-5um |
| largest isolated single cell | ostrich |
| red blood cells size | 7um |
| longest cell | nerve cell |
| shape of cell varies with | function |
| RBC | round and biconcave |
| WBC | amoeboid |
| columnar epithelial cells | long and narrow |
| tracheid | long and narrow |
| mesophyll cells | round and oval |
| nerve cell | branched and long |
| typical eukaryotic cell size | 10-20um |
| virus size | 0.02-0.2um |
| smallest cell | pplo |
| pplo size | 0.1um |
| size of ribosome | 15nm to 20nm |
| inclusion bodies eg | phosphate- granules, cyanophycean granules, glycogen granules |
| where are gas vacuoles found | blue -green, purple, and green photosynthetic bacteria |
| eukaryotes | protists, plants, animals, fungi |
| compartmentalisation of cytoplasm | membrane system |
| nucleus in eukaryotes | organised nucleus with nuclear envelope |
| non living rigid structure in plants, fungi, prokaryotes | cell wall |
| algae cell wall composition | cellulose, galactans, mannans, calcium carbonate |
| other plants cell wall | cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins |
| Who first observed Golgi | Camillo Golgi (1898) |
| densely stained reticular structures, with flat disc -shaped stacks or cisternae placed parallel | Golgi |
| cisternae diameter | 0.5 to 1um |
| lysosome | membrane bound vesicular structures formed buy the packaging process in Golgi |
| membrane bound sacs in cytoplasm | Vacuoles |
| vacuoles have | sap, excretory product and useless products |
| vacuole bound by single membrance | tonoplast |
| vacuole volume in plant cell | 90% |
| contractile vacuole in amoeba | osmoregulation and excretion |
| food vacuoles | phagocytosis of food |
| not easily visible under microscope | mitochondrion |
| no of mitochondrion depends on | physiology of cell |
| diameter of mito | 0.2-1.0um |
| length of mito | 1-4.1um |
| Site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipds | Golgi |
| amyloplasts | store carbohydrates(potato) |
| elaioplasts | store oils and fats |
| aleuroplasts | store proteins |
| chloroplasts shape | lens-shaped |
| length of chloroplasts | 5-10um |
| width | 2-4um |
| chlamydomonas has how many chloroplasts | 1/cell |
| green alga has how many chloroplasts | 20-40 per cell |
| ribosomes | granular structures |
| ribosomes first observed by | George Palade(1953) |
| Eukaryotic ribosomes | 60s+40s=80s |
| prokaryotic ribosomes | 50s+30s=70s |
| Nucleus first discovered | Robert Brown, 1831 |
| What was material of nucleus stained by dye called | Chromatin (by Flemming) |
| interphase NUCLEUS | nucleus of a cell when it isn't dividing |
| metacentric chromosome | MIDDLE CENTROMERE from two equal arms of chromosome |
| sub metacentric chromosome | centromere slightly away from the middle of chromosome, resulting in one slightly longer arm and one slightly shorter arm |
| acrocentric chromosome | centromere situated very close to its end forming one extremely short and one extremely long arm |
| telocentric chromosome | chromosome is present at the terminal end |
| satellite | non staining secondary constrictions at constant location. |
