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level: Supportive Connective Tissue

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Supportive Connective Tissue

Question	Answer
What are the two types of supportive connective tissue?	Cartilage, Bones
Three main Characteristics of cartilage	Avascular, no nerves, perichondrium
No blood vessels, so no blood supply, so slow to heal	Avascular
No pain to signal damage	No nerves
Dense irregular C.T. covering cartilage	Perichondrium
Cells of cartilage	Chondrocytes
Cells that build new cartilage	Chondroblasts
Mature condroblasts, they maintain cartilage	chondrocytes
Cavities/ pockets in extracellular matrix in which cartilage cells are found (1 cell per pocket)	Lacuna/ lacunae
Types of cartilage	Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage, Fibrocartilage
Most abundant type of cartilage, covers the end of a bone	Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage in external ear	Elastic cartilage
Between vertebrae	Fibrocartilage
Three characteristics of bone	Heal quickly, have nerves,periosteum
a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone	Periosteum
Function of bones	Framework for body
Examples of protecting bones	Heart, lungs
How do bones help with movement?	Muscles use bone as leverage
What do bones store?	Minerals-exsp. Calcium and phosphate
Blood cell formation	hematopoiesis
Divisions of skeletal system	Axial, Appendicular skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic (rib) cage	Axial skeleton
Bones of arms and legs and their holders	Appendicular skeleton
Four categories of bone types	Long bones
Bone that’s longer than it is wide	Long bones
Bones that are as tall as they are wide; cube shaped	Short bones
Thin, flat, curved bones	Flat bones
Examples of flat bones	ribs
Examples of short bones	Carpals - wrist bones
Bones that don’t fit into any other category	Irregular bones
Examples of irregular bones	Half of pelvis
Components of bones (bones are made up of):	Osteoid, hydroxyapatite,cells
Organic portion of extracellular matrix	Osteoid
Osteoid s are made up of: (2)	Collagen fibers, ground substance
Function of osteoids:	Give bones tensile strength
Made up of calcium and phosphate (they’re stored in the bone as these crystals)	hydroxyapatite
Provide organic framework on which the inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals can form	Collagen fibers (from osteiods)
Are inorganic	Hydroxyapatite crystals
Function of hydroxyapatite crystals:	Give bones compressional strength
Can be pressed/ put weight on it without breaking	Compressional strength
Three types of cells	Osteoblasts,osteocytes, osteoclasts
Cells responsible for building new bones (eventually die off)	Osteoblasts
Mature osteoblasts, maintain bones	Osteocytes
Break down bone for energy if needed (increase continually in body)	Osteoclasts
Two textures of bones	Compact, spongy
More dense and solid, is made of osteons, and makes up external layer of bone	Compact bone
Units that make up compact bone, cylindrical, are organized into concentric circles (means they all share the same center)	Osteons
Tissue layers that make up the concentric circles of osteons, have a hollow center called the central canal	concentric lamella
Location of nerves, blood vessels, and cyanic vessels	Central canal
Osteocytes and osteons are able to connect with each other in:	canaliculi
Much lighter (doesn’t weigh much), not dense, not made of osteons- instead made of trabiculae	Spongy bone
Bars of bone, make up spongy bone, surround hollow spaces filled with red bone marrow	trabeculae
Another name for spongy bone	trabecular bone
Red marrow is ___ (responsible for forming blood cells)	Hematopoietic
Shaft of bone	Diaphysis
Hollow center of diaphysis	Medullary cavity
Lining in medullary cavity	endosteum
Ends of bone, has layer of hyaline cartilage	Epiphysis
Another name for hyaline cartilage	articular cartilage
Bone grows LONGER (when no marrow left, becomes line	epiphyseal plate
Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet	Metaphysis
Made of adipose	Yellow bone marrow
Is lamellar bone compact?	Yes
Is trabicular spongy bone?	Yes
Where hyaline cartilage becomes bone	epiphyseal plate