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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Neurocranium/ Chondrocranium	the braincase + the sensory capsules, arises form neural crest cells, cartilaginous in origin.
arises from neural crest cells, forms branchial arches, leads to evolution of jaws	Splanchnocranium
surrounds other cranium and is the outermost skull, arises from primitive dermal armour, forms sides and roof of brain case and most of the bony lining of the roof of the mouth, enchases much of the Splanchnocranium.	Dermatocranium
development of holes in scull allowing change in jaw attachment and development of secondary palate leading to the ability to eat and breathe at the same time, this was key to the success of endotherms so that they could eat more with ease, also helpful for herbivores who must consume and chew allot.	Fenestra
includes cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus, all vertebrates have epithalamus to regulate biological rhythms, thalamus to control sensory input and hypothalamus to regulate body temp, water, hormones.	Forbrain
includes sensory and motor tegmentum, includes optic lobes and lobes relating to inner ear.	Midbrain
includes pons conveying information from the forebrain, cerebellum modifies and maintains output, regulates equilibrium and coordinates motor function and medulla oblongata regulates respiration heart rate and intestinal motility.	Hindbrain
few changes in hindbrain, cerebellum enlarged and became more complex for better motor control, forebrain increased in size for more complex behaviour, decrease in size of midbrain.	Evolution of brain from fish to mammals