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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
name the parts of an atom	protons, neutrons and electrons
which part of the atom is the key to chemical bonding	electrons
describe the ionic bond	when atoms give/take electrons
example of a compound that has an ionic bond and how it's formed	sodium chloride (NaCl)// give or take electrons
what is oxidation and reduction	leo says ger
covalent bond formation	sharing a pair of electrons
polar covalent bond	uneven sharing of electrons
hydrogen bond between polar molecules	attraction between weak molecules
pH scale	0-7-14// 0-7 acidic//7 nuetral//7-14 basic
what are organic compounds	carbon and hydrogen
all organic	carbohydrates, lipids, NA,proteins
function of carbs	energy
monosaccharide	glucose
disaccharide	lactose
polysaccharide	cellulose
function of lipid	energy// more than carbs
function of protein	digest food
parts of every protein	amino acids
2 types of information molecules	DNA, RNA
units of every nucleic acid	Nucleotides
4 different nucleotides that make up DNA	A,T,C,G
importance of nucleotide ATP	energy currency
kind of molecule water is, why does sugar dissolve but not lipids like fats	water is polar, lipids are nonpolar
what is cell nucleus	control center
what is chromatin	genetic material
function of nucleolus	makes ribosomes
what is made when a gene is expressed	a protein in made
ribosomes form and importance?	nucleolus//site of protein synthesis
tube-like structures found in cytoplasm	ER
Collects in the RER	proteins
collects in the SER	lipids
vesicles end up at what organelle	Golgi
compare vesicles	come from golgi
plant cell wall	a protective envelope
chemical comp of a plant cell wall	cellulose
chloroplast	green organelle
function of chloroplast	photosynthesis
comp of cell membrane	phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
3 major functions of cell membrane proteins	-transporters//-receptors//-markers
moving material from a high to low concentration	diffusion
what is osmosis	diffusion of water
moving material from low to high concentration	active transport- requires ATP
compare facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion	facilitated needs transporter//simple does'nt
ex. of active transport in human cells	h+ pumps
function of mitochondria	creates ATP
cell use as a energy source to actively transport molecules	uses ATP
microtubules//microfilaments	microtubules- large fibers//microfilaments-small fibers
what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?	swells up
what happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution	the cell shrinks