Pectinase is an enzyme used in the production of fruit juice. (a) Describe in detail how enzymes function, using pectinase as an example

1 enzymes are proteins;2 enzymes can be reused/ are unchanged in a reaction;3 enzymes are specific;4 (enzymes are) catalyst / speeds up reaction; 5 lowers (activation) energy needed for the reaction;6 successful collisions; 7 enzyme-substrate complex /ESC; 8 active site; 9 (enzyme and substrate) complementary shape /AW; 10 ref. to optimum, temperature / pH; 11 too much heat results in denatured enzymes; 12 too little kinetic energy / heat, less (successful) reactions; 13 incorrect pH results in denatured enzymes; 14 (substrate) is pectin / cell wall; 15 results / product, is clear juice; 16 mass / cheaper/ more (volume)/ yield, juice production;