Suggests 3 ways to help students develop reading and listening skills.

1. Engage with students' established background knowledge as this will influence their level of motivation to practice listening and speaking. 2. If they lack background knowledge, we can help them by supplementing our lessons with high-quality examples, demonstrations, pictures, video clips and other representation that illustrates key ideas (Collins, 2010; Manolitsis et. al, 2011). 3. Providing concrete, immersive experiences is highly recommended to help learners engage with the learning material. 4. The practice of active listening along with frequent reminders also helps. For example, encouraging students to ask questions and reminding them to periodically stop and ask themselves if they understand what they've just read.