Researchers have linked parenting styles with general patterns of personality development associated with them. Describe these parenting styles.

1. Authoritative parents. They set high expectations and are warm and responsive. They are firm, caring, and consistent. They explain reasons for rules and frequently interact with their children, who tend to be agreeable, open, conscientious, and successful in school. 2. Authoritarian parents. They have high expectations but tend to be cold and unresponsive. They expect conformity, they don't explain reasons for rules, and they don't encourage verbal give-and-take. Their children tend to be withdrawn, sometimes defiant, and often lack social skills. 3. Permissive parents. They are warm but hold few expectations for their children, who tend to be immature, compulsive, and unmotivated. Used to getting their own way, the children are sometimes disagreeable and have trouble relating to their peers. 4. Uninvolved parents. They have few expectations for their children and are cold and unresponsive. They have little interest in their children, who tend to acquire negative personality traits, lack self-control and long-term goals, and can be disobedient and easily frustrated. To note, parenting styles describe general patterns, and exceptions will exist. We are not doomed to a life of incomplete personality development if we have 'bad' parents.