What are the 5Ps for case formulation

Presenting problem(s) Predisposing factors that made the individual vulnerable to the problem. Precipitating factors that triggered the problem Perpetuating factors that maintain a problem or unintended consequences of an attempt to cope with the problem. These might not be typical things you’d expect e.g. behaviours that make the patient feel good may perpetuate a problem, or they might engage with behaviour out of boredom, or to receive empathy Protective factors that prevent or lessen a particular behaviour or distress.