New nations and powers

The western powers signed separate peace treaties with each of the other defeated nations that led to huge land losses for the Central Powers. : Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. Several new countries were created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were all recognized as independent nations. *The Ottoman Turks were forced to give up almost all of their former empire. They retained only the territory that is today the country of Turkey. *The Allies carved up the lands that the Ottomans lost in Southwest Asia into mandates rather than independent nations. * Britain received the mandates for Palestine (including Transjordan) and Iraq *France was assigned the mandates for Syria and Lebanon. *Russia, which had left the war early, suffered land losses as well. Romania and Poland both gained Russian territory. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, formerly part of Russia, became independent nations.