Rise of monarchy in england, how magna carta and parliament limited king creating principals of government

The rise of monarchy in England can be traced back to the Norman Conquest of 1066. William the Conqueror established a strong central government, which paved the way for the development of an absolute monarchy. However, over time, the power of the king was limited by two key documents - Magna Carta and Parliament. Magna Carta was signed in 1215 and established that even kings were subject to the law. It also granted certain rights to nobles and freemen, such as protection from arbitrary imprisonment and taxation without representation. This document laid the foundation for constitutional government in England. Parliament emerged as a powerful institution during the reign of Edward I (1272-1307). It consisted of two houses - the House of Lords (composed of nobles) and the House of Commons (composed of commoners). Parliament had significant powers, including approving taxes and passing laws. Together, Magna Carta and Parliament limited the power of kings in England by creating principles of governance that placed limits on royal authority. These principles included rule by law, representation, consent, accountability, and checks on power. As a result, England became a constitutional monarchy with a system that balanced royal authority with popular sovereignty.