Photosynthetic Efficiency

Fraction of the light from the sun reaches the plant which converts it to chemical energy via photosynthesis [50% of sunlight falls within the light range which chloroplasts can use; 50% of sunlight used for biomass] ~90% of energy is lost as heat at each consumer trophic level → ~10% of the energy entering a trophic level is available for the next trophic level [Reason for limited trophic levels: only ~0.1% of the energy in an ecosystem is converted to biomass at the top trophic level]