Question:
What are the extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis?
Author: H KAnswer:
Adenopathies (intrathoracic nodules 75%, peripheral adenopathy also common, no ulceration, non tender and firm) Eye (25% may lead to blindness, anterior uveitis (most pt) or posterior uveitis (less common), blurred vision, tearing and photophobia, maybe conjuctiva involvement) Skin (25%, plaques, maculopapular rash, subcutaneous nodules, lupus pernio (blue purple lesions in nose cheeks knees ears and fingers, may go to bone), erythema nodosum (not specific seen in arthralgia) Upper RT (nasal mucosa 20%, mouth, larynx 5% ->hoarseness, stridor and complete obstruction) Bone marrow and spleen (15-40% rarely hemato) Liver (>60%, liver function disorder, hepatomegaly 20% with mild cholestatic pattern) Kidney (Hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, rarely clinically apparent) NS (5% cranial nerves, facial palsy, optic nerve involved, hearing abnormality, meningitis, neuropathies peripheral and psych) Musculoskeletal (Joint involved 25-50%, arthralgia and arthritis and bone lesions 5%) Heart (5%, LV dysfunction, arrhythmias sometimes heart blocks pericarditis and cor pulmonale) Endocrine (hypopituitarism rare, DI common, cystic lesions can be tender) Exocrine (parotid enlargement common apparent 10%) GI (autopsy rarely clinically apparent)
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