How do we establish the airway?

Cuffed endotracheal tube (intubation) or tracheostomy tube inserted in trachea allows PPV Intubation needs sedation, analgesia, muscle paralysis (opiates and benzo can cause hemodynamic instability so contraindicated in shock, depolarizing agents contraindicated in kidney disease as it raises K+, morphine can cause bronchospasms by histamine release)