How is surgical therapy of stress urinary incontinence?

The goals of surgery for stress incontinence include reinforcing the pubourethral ligaments and the paraurethral connective tissue at the mid-urethral. Surgical treatment generally divides into abdominal procedures (open or laparoscopic), vaginal procedures, and urethral bulking agents. Abdominal (Burch Colposuspension, and Pubovaginal sling) Vaginal (Mid-urethral sling [TVT- retropubic and TVT-O inside out placement of mesh from vagina through obturator out through groin skin])