How is epidemiology of testicular neoplasms?

➢ More common in whites than in blacks ➢ Incidence has increased in white populations ➢ Cryptorchidism is associated with a 3- to 5-fold increase in the risk for cancer in the undescended testis, as well as an increased risk for cancer in the contralateral descended testis ➢ Family history is important, as brothers of males with germ cell tumors have an 8- to 10-fold increased risk. ➢ Extra copies of the short arm of chromosome 12, usually due to the presence of an isochromosome 12 [i(12p)], are found in virtually all germ cell tumors